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鳍足类线粒体基因的选择压力比较及进化关系探讨

, PP. 87-93

Keywords: 海狮科,海豹科,海象科,鳍足类,系统发育,线粒体基因组

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Abstract:

鳍足类Pinnipeds是海洋哺乳动物的重要类群,现存种类包括海象科Odobenidae、海狮科Otariidae和海豹科Phocidae的所有物种。在海豹属Phoca中,atp8基因的Ka/Ks最高,仅为0.0847(远小于1),因而海豹属所有线粒体蛋白质编码基因的选择压力均非常高。对于群海豹属Pusa,cox1、cox2和nad3基因的Ka/Ks均为0,表明在这3个基因中,所有的核苷酸的替换均为同义替换,没有出现氨基酸的改变。科内、属内基因变异位点的分析表明,nad5、nad4和nad2基因可以作为cox1和cob基因辅助的分子标记。线粒体基因组的系统发育结果,强烈支持食肉目所有12个科均为单系群,并且鳍足类(海狮科、海象科和海豹科)为食肉目Carnivora内部的一个单系群(BPM=100,BPP=100)。在鳍足类内部,海狮科与海象科亲缘关系最近,聚类为海狮总科Otarioidea,然后与海豹科聚类:(海狮科+海象科)+海豹科。在海豹科内部,线粒体基因组的证据支持将海豹科划分为2个亚科,即僧海豹亚科Monachinae和海豹亚科Phocinae。线粒体基因组的证据,强烈支持鼬科Mustelidae与浣熊科Procyonidae关系最近,臭鼬科Mephitidae与熊猫科Ailuridae近缘,同时,鳍足类与为姊妹群,而与熊科Ursidae较远。犬科Canidae在犬型亚目Caniformia中分化较早,位于犬型亚目的基部。

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