MAYKUT G A. The ice environment[A]. HORNER R. Sea Ice Biota[M]. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1985. 21-82.
[2]
WELCH H E, BERGMANN M A, SIFERD T D, et al. Seasonal development of ice algae near Chesterfield Inlet, N.W.T., Canada[J]. Can J Fish Aquatic Sci, 1991, 48: 2 395-2 402.
[3]
BUNCH J N, HARLAND R C. Bacterial production in the bottom surface of sea ice in the Canadian Subarctic[J]. Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 1990, 47: 1 986-1 995.
[4]
EVANS C A, O\' REILLY J E. A handbook for the measurement of chlorophyll a in netplankton and nanoplankton[A].SCAR/BIOMASS Handbook[M]. 1983, 9: 1-44.
[5]
GRADINGER R, SPINDLER M, HENSCHEL D. Development of Arctic sea-ice organisms under graded snow cover[J].Polar Res, 1991, 10: 295-308.
[6]
PORTER K G, FEIG Y S. The use of DAPI for identifying and counting aquatic microflora[J]. Limnol Oceanogr, 1980,25: 943-948.
GOSINK J J, IRGENS R L, STALEY J T. Vertical distribution of bacteria in Arctic sea ice[J]. FEMS Microbiol Ecol,1993, 102: 85-90.
[9]
MARANGER R, BIRD D F, JUNIPER S K. Viral and bacterial dynamics in Arctic sea ice during the spring algal bloom near Resolute Passage, NWT, Canada[J]. Mar Ecol Progr Ser, 1994, 111: 121-127.
[10]
KOTTMEIER S T, MCGRATH GROSSI S, SULLIVAN C W. Sea ice microbial communities. Ⅷ. Bacterial production in annual sea ice of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica[J]. Mar Ecol Progr Ser, 1987, 35: 175-186.
[11]
GROSSMANN S, DIECKMANN G S. Bacterial standing stock, activity, and carbon production during formation and growth of sea ice in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica[J]. Appl Environm Microbiol, 1994, 60:2 746-2 753.
[12]
GRADINGER R. Climate change and biological oceanography of the Arctic Ocean[J]. Phil Trans R Soc Lond A, 1995,352: 277-286.
[13]
APPOLLONIO S. Microflora of Arctic sea ice[J]. Nat Geo Soc Res Rep, 1980, 12: 13-20.
[14]
EICKEN H, PAC R, GRADINGER R, et al. Sea-ice core and thickness data. RV Data Report of Polarstem ARK Ⅸ/4[R]. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar-und Meeresforschung, 1993.
[15]
HORNER R. Sea ice biota[M]. Boca Raton: CRC press, 1985.
[16]
HERMAN A W, KNOX D F, CONRAD J, et al. Instruments for measuring subice algal profiles and productivity in situ[J]. Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 1993, 50: 359-369.
[17]
SMITH REH, ANNING J, CLEMENT P, et al. Abundance and production of ice algae in Resolute Passage, Canadian Arctic[J]. Mar Ecol Progr Ser, 1988, 48: 251-263.
[18]
COTA G F, PRINSENBERG S J, BENNETT E B, et al. Nutrient fluxes during extended blooms of Arctic ice algae[J]. J Geophys Res, 1987, 92:1 951-1 962.
[19]
SMITH REH, CLEMENT P, COTA G F. Population dynamics of bacteria in Arctic sea ice[J]. Microb Ecol, 1989, 17 :63-76.
[20]
DAHLBA K B, GUNNARSSON L, HERMANSSON M, et al. Microbial investigations of surface microlayers, water column, ice and sediment in the Arctic Ocean[J]. Mar Ecol Progr Ser, 1982, 9: 101-109.
[21]
THOMAS D N, LARA R J, EICKEN H, et al. Dissolved organic matter in Arctic multi-year sea ice during winter: major components and relationship to ice characteristics[J]. Polar Biol, 1995, 15: 477-483.
[22]
FUTERER D K. With contributions of the participants [A]. The Expedition ARCTIC\' 93 Leg ARK-Ⅸ/4 of RV "Polarstern" 1993:Vol. 149[C]. Reports on Polar Research, 1994. 1-244.
[23]
BφSHEIM K Y, BRATBAK G, HELDAL M. Enumeration and biomass estimation of planktonic bacteria and viruses by transmission electron microscopy[J]. Appl Environm Microbiol, 1990, 56: 352-356.
[24]
PARSONS T R, TAKAHASHI M, HARGRAVE B. Biological Oceanographic Processes[ M ]. Oxford: Pergamon Press,1984.
[25]
LAURION I, DEMERS S, VEZINA A F. The microbial food web associated with the ice algal assemblage: biomass and bacterivory of nanoflagellate protozoans in Resolute Passage (High Canadian Arctic) [J]. Mar Ecol Progr Ser, 1995, 120:77-87.
[26]
GARRISON D L, SULLIVAN C W, ACKLEY S F. Sea ice microbial communities in Antarctica[J]. BioScience, 1986,36: 243-250.
[27]
KOTTMEIER S T, SULLIVAN C W. Bacterial biomass and production in pack ice of Antarctic marginal ice edge zones[J]. Deep-sea Res, 1990, 37:1 311-1 330.
[28]
PALMISANO A C, SULLIVAN C W. Physiological response of micro-algae in the ice-platelet layer to low-light conditions[A]. SIEGFRIED W R, CONDY P R, LAWS R M. Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs[M]. Berlin: Springer,1985. 84-88.
[29]
POMEROY L R, MACKO S A, OSTROM P H, et al. The microbial food web in Arctic seawater: concentration of dissolved free amino acids and bacterial abundance and activity in the Arctic Ocean and in Resolute Passage [J ]. Mar Ecol Progr Set, 1990, 61: 31-40.
[30]
MEYER-REIL L-A, KOSTER M. Mikrobiologie des meeresbodens[D]. Fischer Jena, 1993.
[31]
SPINDLER M. A comparison of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice and the effects of different properties on sea ice biota[A].BLEIL U, THIEDE J. Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic versus Antarctic[M]. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990. 173-186.
