MCCREARY J P,LU Peng.On the interaction between the subtropical and the equatorial oceans:the subtropical cell[J].J Phys Oceanogr,1994,24:466-497.
[2]
LIU Zheng-yu,PHILANDER S G H.How different wind stress patterns affect the tropical-subtropical circulations of the upper ocean[J].J Phys Oceanogr,1995,25(4):449-462.
RAYNER N A,HORTON E B,PARKER D E,et al.Version 2.2 of the global sea-ice and sea surface temperature data set,1903-1994[J].Clim Res Tech Note,1996,74:1-21.
[10]
ZHU Yi-min,YANG Xiu-qun.Joint propagating patterns of SST and SLP anomalies in the north Pacific on bidecadal and pentadecadal timescales[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2003,20:694-710.
[11]
MALANOTTE-RIZZOLI P,YOUNG R E,HEDSTROM K,et al.Water mass pathways between the subtropical and tropical ocean in a climatological simulation of the North Atlantic ocean circulation[J].Dyn Atmos Oceans,2000,32:331-372.
[12]
JOCHUM M,MALANOTTE-RIZZOLI P.On the influence of the meridonial overturning circulation on the tropical-subtropical pathways[J].J Phys Oceanogr,2001,31:1 313-1 323.
[13]
STERL A,HAZELEGER W.Coupled variability and air-sea interaction in the South Atlantic ocean[J].Clim Dyn,2003,21:559-571.
[14]
DEACONEL,WEBBEK.Interchange of properties between sea and air[A].The Sea:Ideas and Observations:Vol.1[M].New York:Wiley (interscience),1962.49-87.
[15]
NONKA M,XIE Shang-ping,MCCREARY J P.Decadal variations in the subtropical cells and equatorial Pacific SST[J].Geophys Res Lett,2002,29:2001GL013676.
[16]
LEE T,FUKUMORI I.Interannual-to-decadal variations of tropical-subtropical exchange in the Pacific Ocean:boundary versus interior pycnocline transports[J].J Clim,2003,16:4 022-4 042.
[17]
KLEEMAN R,POWER S.Modulation of ENSO on decadal and longer time-scales[A].El Nio and the Southern Oscillation,Multi-scale Variability and Its Impact on Natural Ecosystems and Society[C].Cambridge,1999.413-442.
[18]
LU Peng,MCCREARY J P.Influence of the ITCZ on the flow of thermocline water from the subtropical to the equatorial Pacific Ocean[J].J Phys Oceanogr,1995,25:3 076-3 088.
[19]
GU Dai-fang,PHILANDER S G H.Interdecadal climate fluctuations that depend on exchanges between the tropics and extratropics[J].Science,1997,275:805 807.
[20]
DESER C,ALEXANDER M A,TIMLIN M S.Upper-ocean thermal variations in the North Pacific during 1970-1991[J].J Climate,1996,9:1 840-1 855.
