GUAN S K, XU R L, CHEN S, et al.Development of a procedure for discriming among Escherichia coli isolates from animal and human scource[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2002,68(6): 2690—2698.
[2]
GANTZER C, MAUL A, AUDIC J M, et al. Detection of infectious enteroviruses, enterovirus genomes, somatic coliphages, and Bacteroides fragilis phages in treated waste water[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1998, 64(11): 4307—4312.
[3]
PARASHAR U D, HUMMELMAN E G, BRESEE J S, et al. Global illness and deaths caused by rotavirus disease in children[J]. Emerg Infect Dis, 2003, 9: 565—572.
[4]
XUN Z X. Current Biochemical Theory and Research Technology[M],1st ed. Beijing: Military Medical Sciences Press, 1995: 422—424.
[5]
GERBSA C P, GOYAL S M, LABELLE R L, et al.Failure of indicator bacteria to reflect the occurrence of enteroviruses in marine waters[J]. Am J Public Health, 1979, 69: 1116—1119.
[6]
FERNANDA A, ALMEIDA M A. Virological quality of the Ria de Aveiro: validity of potential microbial indicators[J]. Netherlands Journal of Aouatic Ecology, 1995, 29(3-4):419—425.
[7]
PUSCH D, OH D Y, WOLF S,et al. Detection of enteric viruses and bacterial indicators in German environmental waters[J]. Arch Virol, 2005, 150:929—947.
[8]
USEPA.EPAs ambient water quality criteria for bacteria[S].EPA 440/5-84-002.The gold book,1986.
[9]
FONG T T,ERIN K L. Enteric viruses of human and animals in aquatic environments: health risks, detection, and potential water quality assessment tools[J]. Microbiol and Molecular Biology Reviews, 2005,69(2):357—371.
[10]
ROBERl L, ATMAR T G, METCAL F, et al.Detection of enteric viruses in oysters by using the polymerase chain reaction [J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1993, 59(2): 631—635.
[11]
LAURA M L, JOFRE J, MENDEZ X,et al.Counting cytopathogenic virus adsorbed to cellulose nitrate membrane filters as a simple method for counting viruses in raw sewage and sewage effluents [J]. J Virol Methods, 2002, 102:80—92.
[12]
DUBOIS E, GUYADER F L, HAUGARREAU L, et al.Molecular epidemiological survey of rotaviruses in sewage by reverse transcriptase seminested PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1997, 63(5): 1794—1800.
[13]
ROBERT L, ATMARTMAR T G, METCALF F H N, et al. Detection of enteric viruses in oysters by using the polymerase chain reaction [J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1993, 59(2): 631—635.
[14]
PIANETTI A, BAFFONE W, CITTERI B,et al.Presence of enteroviruses and reoviruses in the waters of the Italian coast of the Adriatic Sea[J]. Epidemiology and infection, 2000, 125: 455—462.
[15]
TSAI Y L, TRAN B, SANGERMANO L R, et al.Detection of poliovirus,hepatitis a virus,and rotavirus from sewage and ocean water by triplex reverse transcriptase PCR[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1994, 60(7): 2400—2407.
GRIFFIN D W, CHARLES J, GIBSONIII C J,et al.Detection of viral pathogens by reverse transcriptase PCR and of microbial indicators by standard methods in the canals of the Florida Keys[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1999, 65: 4118—4125.
[18]
CABELLI V J, DUFOUR A P, LEVIN M A, et al.Relationship of microbial indicators to health effects at marine bathing beaches[J]. American Journal of Public Health, 1979, 69(7): 690—696.
[19]
GUYADER F L, HAUGARREAU L, MIOSSEC L, et al.Three-year study to assess human enteric viruses in shellfish[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2000, 66: 3241—3248.
[20]
DEWAILLY E, POIRIER C, MEYER F M. Health hazards associated with windsurfing on polluted waters[J]. Am J Public Health, 1986, 76(6): 690—691.
[21]
GARIN D, FUCHS F, CRANCE J M, et al.Exposure to enteroviruses and hepatitis A virus among divers in environmental waters in France, first biological and serological survey of a controlled cohort[J]. Epidemiol Infect, 1994, 113(3): 541—549.
[22]
CHRISTOPHER D C, NICOLA A B, JUSTIN H,et al.Detection of astroviruses, enteroviruses, and adenovirus types 40 and 41 in surface waters collected and evaluated by the information collection rule and an integrated cell culture-nested PCR procedure[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2000, 66: 2520—2525.
[23]
GANTZER C, MAUL A, AUDIC J M, et al.Detection of infectious enteroviruses, enterovirus genomes, somatic coliphages, and Bacteroides fragilis phages in treated wastewater[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1998, 64: 4307—4312.
[24]
SANO D, FUKUSHI K, YOSHIDA Y,et al.Detection of enteric viruses in municipal sewage sludge by a combination of the enzymatic virus elution method and RT-PCR[J]. Water Research , 2003, 37: 3490—3498.
[25]
MURRAY C J L, LOPEZ A D. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: global burden of disease study [J]. Lancet, 1997, 349:1498—1504.
[26]
KOOPMAN s M, BONSDORFF C H, VINJ J, et al. Foodborne viruses[J]. FEMS Microbiol Rev, 2002, 26(2): 187—205.
LI J W, WANG X W, YUAN C Q,et al.Detection of enteroviruses and hepatitis a virus in water by consensus primer multiplex RT-PCR [J]. World J Gastroenterol,2002,8(4): 699—702.
[30]
JIANG S C, NOBLE R, CHU W P. Human adenoviruses and coliphages in urban runoff-Impacted coastal waters of southern California[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2001, 67(1):179—184.
[31]
BAGGI F, PEDUZZI R. Genotyping of rotaviruses in environmental water and stool samples in southern Switzerland by nucleotide sequence analysis of 189 base pairs at the 5\'end of the VP7 gene[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2000, 38(10): 3681—3685.
[32]
FLIGER D, GILGEN M, LUTHY J,et al.Seminested RT-PCR systems for small round structured viruses and enteric viruses detection in seafood [J]. Int J Food Microbiol, 1997, 37: 27—36.
[33]
LAURA M L, LUCENA F,JOFRE J.Double-layer plaque assay for quantification of enteroviruses [J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2004, 70(5): 2801—2805.
[34]
BELLIOT G, LAVERAN H, MONROE S. Detection and genetic differentiation of human astroviruses: phylogenetic grouping varies by coding region [J]. Arch Virol, 1997, 142(7): 1323—1334.
[35]
PAUL A, EPSTEIN P R, FORD T, et al.Marine swimming related illness:implications for monitoring and environmental policy[J].Environmental Health Perspectives, 2001, 109(7): 645—650.
[36]
LO S, GILBERT J, HETRICK F. Stability of human enteroviruses in estuarine and marine waters [J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1976, 32(2): 245—249.
[37]
GERBA C P, SMITH E M, MELNICK J L.Development of a quantitative method for detecting enteroviruses in estuarine sediments [J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1977, 34(2): 158—163.
[38]
PAUL J H, JIANG S C, ROSE J B. Concentration of viruses and dissolved DNA from aquatic environments by vortex flow filtration [J].Appl Environ Microbiol, 1991, 57(8): 2197—2204.
[39]
LAURA M L, LUCENA F, JOFRE J. Enteroviruses and Bacteriophages in bathing waters[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2005, 71(11): 6838—6844.
[40]
BALARAJAN R, RALEIGH V S, YUEN P, et al.Health risks associated with bathing in sea water[J]. BMJ, 1991, 303(6815): 1444—1445.
[41]
HENRICKSON S E, WONG T, ALLEN P,et al.Marine swimming-related illness: implications for monitoring and environmental policy[J]. Environ Health Perspect, 2001, 109(7): 645—650.
[42]
D’ALESSIO D, MINOR T E, ALLEN C I, et al. A study of the proportion of swimmers among well controls and children with enterovirus-like illness shedding or not shedding enteroviruses[J]. Am J Epidemiol, 1981, 113(5): 533—541.
[43]
MEHNERT D U, STEWIEN K E. Detection and distribution of rotavirus in raw sewage and creeks in Sao Paulo, Brazil[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1993, 59(1):140—143.
[44]
GERALD S, JULICH W D.Risk assessment of virus infections in the Oder Estuary (southern Baltic) on the basis of spatial transport and virus decay simulations[J]. Int J Hyg Environ Health, 2001, 203(4): 317—325.
