全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

毫米波辐照下大鼠皮肤温度场及血液灌注率影响研究

Keywords: 主动拒止武器,毫米波,温度场

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

根据Pennes方程和毫米波在动物皮肤内的传播特性,建立了在33.5GHz毫米波同辐照强度下的大鼠皮肤的非稳态多层传热模型.在二维柱坐标下进行离散计算,得到了长时间辐照条件下不同皮肤深度的温度变化规律,并将理论结果与实验数据进行了比较.在284mW/cm2和853mW/cm2辐照强度下,理论结果和实验结果基本一致;在474mW/cm2和664mW/cm2辐照强度下,有一定的误差,但误差仍不超过1℃,验证了该理论模型的准确性.分析了实际趋肤深度内的温度分布,发现毫米波引起的生物热效应的最高温度点并非在皮肤表面,而是皮下某点,其与表面辐照中心点的温差可超过1℃.进一步分析了血液灌注率对温度场的影响,发现在讨论的温度范围内,血液灌注率的变化对毫米波辐照下的皮肤表面温度场的影响较小.

References

[1]  9ZHANG Jie,HAN Li-jun,XIE Tatrrong,QI Hong-xing,CHEN Shu-de,QIAO Deng-jian(张 杰,韩黎军,谢涛嵘,齐红星,陈树德,乔登江). Raman Spectra of Murine Skin Irradiated by High Power Millimeter Wave (高功率毫米波辐照对小鼠皮肤组织拉曼光谱的影响). Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis (光谱学与光谱分析), 2008,28(12):2872-2875
[2]  10Wu Qi-Yao, Tang Xiao-Ying(吴祁耀,唐晓英). Millimeter-wave technique and biomedical science(毫米波技术与生物医学). Beijing: Beijing institute of press(北京:北京理工大学出版社),1998,299-302.
[3]  11Dennis W. Blick, Eleanor R. Adair, William D. Hurt, Clifford J. Sherry, Thomas J. Walters, James H. Merritt. Thresholds of Microwave-Evoked Warmth Sensations in Human Skin. Bioelectromagnetics, 1997, 18:403-409
[4]  12Nelson DA, Nelson MT, Walters TJ, Mason PA. Skin heating effects of millimeter-wave irradiation—Thermal modeling results [J]. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 2000, 48:2111–2120.
[5]  13Walters TJ, Blick DW, Johnson LR, Adair ER, Foster KR. Heating and pain sensation produced in human skin by millimeter waves: Comparison to a simple thermal model [J]. Health Phys, 2000, 78:259–267.
[6]  14Foster K R, Kritikos H N, Schwan H P. Effect of surface cooling and b1ood flow on the microwave heating of tissue [J]. IEEE Trans.Biomed.Eng, 1978, BME-25:313-316.
[7]  15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Denial_System.[EB-OL]
[8]  16Jaeger JC. Conduction of heat in tissue supplied with blood [J]. Brit J Appl Physics , 1952, 3:221–222.
[9]  17Kovach RI. Calculation of temperature distribution in a biological object heated by microwaves [J]. Meditsinskaya techhnika, 1971, 6:12–16.
[10]  18Kritikos HN, Schwan HP. Potential temperature rise induced by electromagnetic field in brain tissues [J]. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 1979, 26:29–34.
[11]  19Riu PJ, Foster KR. Heating of tissue by near-field exposure to a dipole: A model analysis [J]. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 1999, 46:911– 917.
[12]  20Alekseev SI, Ziskin MC. Local heationg of Human Skin by Millimeter Waves: a kinetics study [J]. Bioelectromagnetics, 2003, 24:571-581
[13]  21ZHANG Jie, HAN Li-Jun, XIE Tao-Rong, QI Hong-Xing, CHEN Shu-De, QIAO Deng-Jiang(张杰,韩黎军,谢涛嵘,齐红星,陈树德,乔登江). Observation on Mice’s Skin Injury Irradiated by 8 Millimeter Wave and Temperature Increase Emulation(8毫米波辐照鼠皮肤损伤观察及温升仿真)[J]. Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves(红外与毫米波学报), 2008, 27(1):56-59
[14]  22Alekseev SI, Radzievsky AA, Logani MK, Ziskin MC. Millmeter Wave Dosimetry of Human skin [J], Bioelectromagnetics, 2008, 29:65-70
[15]  23Alekseev SI, Ziskin MC. Human Skin Permittivity Determined by Millimeter Wave Reflection Measurements. Bioelectromagnetics, 2007, 28:331-339
[16]  24Alekseev SI, Radzievsky AA, Szabo I, Ziskin MC. Local Heating of Human Skin by Millimeter Waves:Effect of Blood Flow, Bioelectromagnetics, 2005, 26:489-501
[17]  25LI Xiao-xia(李小霞).Numerical Analysis and Experimental Research on Laser induced Thermal Effect in Bio-tissues(激光照射下生物组织热效应的数值分析与实验研究)[D]. Tianjin: Doctoral Dissertation of Tianjin University(天津:天津大学博士论文),2004, 57-58
[18]  26Pennes HH. 1948. Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperatures in the resting human forearm [J]. J Appl Physiol 1:93–122.
[19]  27Wang Yi-wu(王悟夷). Study of the Surface Temperature of Animals Heated by Millimeter Waves(毫米波辐照下动物体表温度研究)[D]. Xi\'an:Master\'s thesis of Xi\'an University(西安:西安电子科技大学硕士论文),2005,25-26
[20]  28Alekseev SI, Radzievsky AA, Szabo I, Ziskin MC. Local Heating of Human Skin by Millimeter Waves: Effect of Blood Flow [J]. Bioelectromagnetics, 2005,26:489-501
[21]  29Guy AW, Lehmann JF, Stonebridge JB. Therapeutic applications of electromagnetic power [J]. Proc IEEE, 1974, 62:55–75.
[22]  30Walters TJ, Ryan KL, Nelson DA, Blick DW, Mason PA. Effects of blood flow on skin heating induced by millimeter wave irradiation in humans [J]. Health Physics, 2004, 86:115–120.
[23]  31Sheel AW, Edwards MR, Hunte GS, McKenzie DC. Influence of inhaled nitric oxide on gas exchange during normoxic and hypoxic exercise in highly trained cyclists [J]. J Appl Physiol, 2001, 90:926–932.
[24]  32Mack GW. Assessment of cutaneous blood flow by using topographical perfusion mapping techniques [J]. J Appl Physiol, 1998, 85:353–359.
[25]  33LI He-jie, LIU Jing, ZHANG Xue-xue(李和杰, 刘静, 张学学). Theoretical Analysis on Heat Transfer Process in Living Tissues Subjected to Continuous Laser Ablation(激光汽化活体生物组织的传热过程分析)[J].Space Medicine and Medical Engineering(航天医学与医学工程), 2002, 15(2):103-107
[26]  34Yang Kun, LIU Wei(杨昆,刘伟).Research on the Noninvasive Measurement of Human-Tissue Blood Perfusion and Arterial Blood Temperature(人体组织中血液灌注率和动脉温度的无损测量研究) [J].Chinses Journal of Biomedical Engineering(中国生物医学工程学报), 2003, 24(1):69—72.
[27]  35Yang Kun, LIU Wei(杨昆,刘伟). Sensitivity Analysis of the Average Temperature Model for Measurement of Local Tissue Blood Perfusion(测量生物组织血液灌注率的ATM 模型及其误差分析)[J]. Chinses Journal of Biomedical Engineering(中国生物医学工程学报), 2005, 24(5):546-553
[28]  36Brinck H, Werner J. Efficiency function: Improvement of classical bioheat approach [J]. J Appl Physiol, 1994, 77:1617–1622.
[29]  37Weinbaum S, Xu LX, Zhu L, Ekpene A. A new fundamental bioheat equation for muscle tissue: Part I-Blood perfusion term [J]. J Biomech Eng, 1997, 119:278–288.
[30]  38Stoner HB, Barker P, Riding GS, Hazlehurst DE, Taylor L, Marcuson RW. Relationship between skin temperature and perfusion in the arm and leg [J]. Clin Physiol, 1991, 11: 27–40.
[31]  2Radzievsky AA, Rojavin MA, Cowan A, Alekseev SI, Ziskin MC. Hypoalgesic effect of millimeter waves in mice: Dependece on the site of exposure [J]. Life Sci, 2000, 66:2101-2111.
[32]  3Radzievsky AA, Rojavin MA, Cowan A, Alekseev SI, Radzievsky AA Jr., Ziskin MC. Peripheral neuronal system involvement in hypoalgesic effect of electronmagnetic millimeter waves [J]. Life Sci, 2001, 68:1143-1151.
[33]  4Radzievsky AA, Gordiienko OV, Szabo I, Alekseev SI, Ziskin MC. Millimeter Wave induced suppression of B16f10 melanoma growth in mice: Involvement of endgogenous opioids [J]. Bioelectromagnetics, 2004, 25:466-473.
[34]  5Makar V, Logani M, Szabo I, Ziskin MC. Effect of Millimeter Waves on cyclophosphamide induced suppression of T cell functions [J]. Bioelectromagnetics, 2003, 24:356-365.
[35]  6Makar V, Logani MK, Bhanushali A, Kataoka M, Ziskin MC. Effect of Millimeter Waves on nature killer cell activation [J]. Bioelectromagnetics. 2005, 26:10-19.
[36]  7Lushnikov KV, Shumilina YV, Yakushina VS, Gapeev AB, Sadovnikov VB, Chemeris NK. Effects of low-intensity ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation on inflammatory processes [J]. Bull Exp Biol Med, 2004, 137:364-366.
[37]  8Logani MK, Szabo I, Makar V, Bhanushali A, Alekseev SI, Ziskin MC. Effect of Millimeter Wave irradiation on tumor metastasis [J]. Bioelectromagnetics, 2006, 27:258-264.
[38]  1Andrei G. Pakhomov, Yahya Akyel, Olga N. Pakhomova, Bruce E. Stuck, Michael R. Murphy. Current State and Implications of Research on Biological Effects of Millimeter Waves: A Review of the Literature [J]. Bioelectromagnetics, 1998, 19:393–413

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133