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日粮中不同比例小麦替代玉米对奶牛氮代谢参数的影响

DOI: 10.7668/hbnxb.2014.S1.051, PP. 273-279

Keywords: 奶牛,小麦,玉米,氮代谢,微生物氮

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Abstract:

为研究日粮中不同比例小麦替代玉米对奶牛氮代谢参数的影响,选择8头泌乳天数为84±17d,体重为569±47kg的经产中国荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物,采用重复4×4拉丁方设计,分别饲喂含不同比例粉碎小麦(GW)和粉碎玉米(GC)的日粮,4个处理组分别为(DM基础):W0组(0%GW+27.9%GC),W9.6组(9.6%GW+19.2%GC),W19.2组(19.2%GW+9.6%GC)和W28.8组(28.8%GW+0%GC)。结果表明:奶牛的产奶量、乳蛋白率和乳蛋白产量未受影响;随着日粮中小麦比例的增加,奶牛的干物质采食量(DMI)呈二次曲线增加趋势(P=0.07),牛奶尿素氮(MUN)浓度线性增加(P<0.01),且W28.8组显著高于W0和W19.2组(P<0.01);粪氮排出量未受日粮影响,尿氮排出量呈线性增加趋势(P=0.08);尿氮(P=0.02)和总排出氮(粪氮+尿氮)(P=0.05)占食入氮的比例呈二次曲线降低;尿素氮产量(P<0.01)及其占总尿氮的比例(P=0.03)线性增加,且W19.2和W28.8组的尿素氮产量显著高于(P=0.01)其他2组;尿中尿囊素(P=0.05)和总嘌呤(P=0.09)产量呈线性降低趋势,W9.6组的微生物氮产量显著(P=0.02)高于W28.8组。结果提示:泌乳盛期奶牛日粮中用9.6%的粉碎小麦替代玉米效果最佳,高比例的小麦替代玉米(W28.8组)时能够增加尿氮及奶和尿中尿素氮的排出量,降低微生物氮的合成。

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