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氮钾互作对甘薯根系发育及碳氮代谢酶活性的影响

DOI: 10.7668/hbnxb.2015.05.028, PP. 167-173

Keywords: 甘薯,氮钾交互,根系,酶活性

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Abstract:

为阐明氮、钾营养及其交互作用对甘薯分根结薯期根系分化及叶片酶活性的影响,采用砂培研究方法,设氮钾正常供给(正常)、多氮(N)、多钾(K)和氮钾配施(NK)4个处理。探讨了氮、钾及其交互作用对甘薯苗期养分吸收、农艺学性状、根系发育、硝酸还原酶(NR)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和腺苷二磷酸焦磷酸化酶(ADPGPPase)的影响。结果表明,与氮钾正常供给处理相比,N处理显著提高了甘薯地上和地下部氮吸收量、SPAD值、叶片数、叶面积;N处理总根长、根表面积、根体积、平均直径和NR活性、SS活性和SPS活性分别提高了5.9%,12.1%,1.9%,3.6%,14.1%,13.6%,19.5%,而ADPGPPase活性降低了7.1%;另外N处理块根比例减少7.9%,中等根(徒耗养分的根)分化比例升高7.7%。与氮钾正常供给处理相比,K处理显著提高了地上和地下部氮吸收量,且K处理根系活力、总根长、根表面积、根体积、根平均直径、SS活性、SPS活性、ADPGPPase活性分别提高了16.2%,28.2%,10.1%,39.3%,12.6%,14.9%,20.1%,14.5%;氮钾配施(NK)处理须根和块根分化比例升高0.2%和12.4%,中等根(徒耗养分的根)分化比例降低12.6%。与N和K处理相比,氮钾配施(NK)处理能够调控甘薯苗期地上和地下部生物量比例(T/R值),同时提高须根和块根分化比例,显著促进了薯块的膨大。双因素分析表明,氮钾配施(NK)对地上和地下部氮钾含量、根系活力、根平均直径、NR活性、SPS活性、ADPGPPase活性均存在显著的正交互效应。从地下部根系形态和地上部酶学变化两方面揭示氮钾交互机制,为甘薯高产优质栽培提供理论依据。

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