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根层调控:果类蔬菜高效利用养分的关键

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2012.z1.058, PP. 292-297

Keywords: 根层调控,临界养分供应,促根,养分高效,果类蔬菜

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Abstract:

集约化设施蔬菜生产中水肥投入远高于作物的需求,生产上为了实现根层充足的水肥供应,导致氮素过量投入、损失比例高、磷钾在土壤中明显积累,生理性缺素日趋严重。优质高效蔬菜生产的关键是在健康良好生长环境下根层合理的水肥供应,在保证作物生长前提下尽量减少不必要的养分损失。本研究总结了实现优质高产高效蔬菜生产的根层养分调控关键,即必须考虑到土壤溶液养分浓度、形态和养分离子间的平衡;减少水分渗漏并保持水分和养分空间一致的原则。结合土壤环境的增温、增施高碳氮比有机肥或秸秆进行土壤调理等措施,促进蔬菜根系发育、提高作物抗性和养分吸收效率,在设施生产中有机肥和化肥养分需采取"总量控制、分期调控",氮素采取"少量多次、近根施用、水肥耦合"原则;磷钾养分采用"作物需求和土壤肥力维持"相结合的总量控制原则,中微量元素"因缺矫正"原则,通过根层调控实现水肥资源的高效利用和设施菜田的可持续发展。

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