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湖泊科学  2013 

不同水生植物对富营养化水体无机氮吸收动力学特征

DOI: 10.18307/2013.0207

Keywords: 水生植物,硝态氮,铵态氮,吸收动力学,富营养化水体

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Abstract:

采用浓度梯度法,研究了鸢尾(Irislouisiana)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllumverticillatum)、茭白(Zizanialatifolia)和水芹(Oenantheclecumbens)对硝态氮(NO3--N)和铵态氮(NH4+-N)吸收动力学特征.结果表明:4种水生植物对水体NO3--N和NH4+-N吸收可用Michaelis-Menten酶动力学方程描述,随溶液NO3--N和NH4+-N浓度增加,植物吸收NO3--N和NH4+-N速率增加,当溶液NO3--N和NH4+-N浓度接近于2.0mmol/L时,吸收速率增加趋缓;4种水生植物对NO3--N和NH4+-N的Vmax值大小为水芹>茭白>鸢尾>狐尾藻,对NO3--N的Km值大小为水芹>鸢尾=茭白=狐尾藻,对NH4+-N的Km值大小为水芹>狐尾藻>茭白=鸢尾.根据吸收动力学参数(Vmax,Km)判断水芹适宜于净化NO3--N和NH4+-N浓度较高的水体,茭白、鸢尾和狐尾藻适合净化NO3--N和NH4+-N浓度较低水体;4种水生植物对NO3--N、NH4+-N表现出不同的吸收偏好性,鸢尾吸收NO3--N的潜力大于吸收NH4+-N的,但对NH4+-N的亲和力大于NO3--N,表明能在NO3--N浓度较高环境中优先吸收NH4+-N.狐尾藻和水芹对NO3--N和NH4+-N能均衡吸收.茭白对NH4+-N具有较高的吸收潜力与亲和力.

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