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湖泊科学  2001 

洪湖及其周围三种湖相粘土的微结构特征与沉积环境

DOI: 10.18307/20010403

Keywords: 微结构,湖相粘土,成因,江汉平原,洪湖

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Abstract:

在江汉平原濒临长江北岸的洪湖及其周围的土壤中,分别取得沉积物柱状钻孔样品和土壤剖面样品,用偏光显微镜和电子显微镜观察了2.5kaBP以来形成的三种湖相粘土的微结构特征,并以此解释的其成因和沉积环境.0.9-2.5kaBP期间形成的青色粘土的典型微结构有:凝胶结构、细颗粒粒径和小孔隙、矿物颗粒低圆度和淡水中心冈硅藻等生物框架结构.主要是有机质胶体与粘土胶体相互作用形成的.此期间,河流带入湖泊的泥沙少,洪湖拥有一个开阔、稳定、浮游生物较多的淡水湖泊环境.0.45-1kaBP期间形成的黑色粘土的主要微结构类型有:凝胶结构、大的圆孔隙和植物纤维等生物框架结构、呈双峰分布的孔隙.它主要是由于维管束植物残体大量积累形成的.当时洪湖湖水变浅,大量挺水植物生长,湖泊已经沼泽化了.0.45kaBP以来形成的灰色粘土的微结构类型主要有:絮凝结构、较大的微孔隙和颗粒粒径、矿物颗粒较高的圆度等.物源主要来自河流带来的泥沙,当时河湖相通,河流入湖水沙量大.

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