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湖泊科学  2007 

人类活动对乌梁素海湿地环境演变的影响分析

DOI: 10.18307/2007.0416

Keywords: 乌梁素海,湿地环境,人类活动,富营养化

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Abstract:

乌梁素海是我国半荒漠地区具有很高生态价值和社会效益的大型多功能湖泊湿地,是黄河流域最大的淡水湖泊,也是内蒙古河套灌区唯一的承泄途径。乌梁素海的补给水源主要包括含高N,P的农田退水,工业废水以及生活污水,这些退水及废污水的排入使得湿地环境发生着重大的变化。本文在收集1986-2004年19年间LandsatTM/ETM遥感影像数据的基础上,结合乌梁素海历史资料,分析了80年代以来人类活动对湿地环境的影响,这种影响主要体现在人工芦苇面积不断扩大,富营养化程度逐年增高,水生资源迅速减少等方面,尽管2003年以来"引黄入海"工程的实施某种程度上缓解了湿地环境恶化的进程,但湿地环境仍然面临严重的威胁。

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