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湖泊科学  2010 

巢湖近代沉积硅藻种群变化与富营养化过程重建

DOI: 10.18307/2010.0419

Keywords: 硅藻组合,总磷重建,富营养化,水动力条件,巢湖

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Abstract:

根据巢湖西部湖心40cm长的沉积柱放射性核素定年和化石硅藻分析,结合长江中下游湖泊硅藻-总磷转换函数模型,重建了其过去200年来硅藻组合演替与湖水总磷浓度变化的历史.研究结果表明,巢湖硅藻经历了从Aulacoseiragranulata优势组合(1826-1978年)向耐营养种Cyclostephanosdubius优势组合(1978年以来)变化的两个重要阶段.1978年前,水体总磷浓度在60-75μg/L之间;此后迅速增高(80-100μg/L),为明显的营养富集时期;至2000年以来总磷浓度进一步上升(>110μg/L),硅藻组合以Cyclostephanosdubius占绝对优势.硅藻数据的最大变率与总磷浓度的关系反映硅藻生态主要响应于营养富集的变化,但历史时期水动力条件对硅藻种群也有一定影响.20世纪70年代以来,工农业以及生活污水排放是硅藻种群转变和富营养化发生的主要根源,而巢湖闸的建立引起的水文条件的改变也是水体营养富集的诱因.21世纪开始富营养化进一步加重可能与生活污水排放、营养内负荷释放以及增温有关.

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