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湖泊科学  2002 

长江中下游浅水湖泊富营养化发生机制与控制途径初探

DOI: 10.18307/2002.0301

Keywords: 长江中下游地区,浅水湖泊,富营养化,机制,控制

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Abstract:

长江中下游地区是我国淡水湖泊比较集中的地区.该地区绝大多数湖泊为浅水湖泊.所有的城郊湖泊都已经富营养化,其他湖泊的营养状况均为中营养-富营养,处于富营养化的发展中.这些湖泊富营养化的原因同流域上的人类活动有很大的关系.一方面,工业、农业和城市生活污水正源源不断地向湖泊中排放,另一方面,人类通过湖泊围垦、湖岸忖砌、水产养殖等破坏自然生态环境,减少营养盐输出途径.国际上对于浅水湖泊富营养化治理的经验表明,即使流域上的外源污染排放降到历史最低点,湖泊富营养化问题依然突出.其原因与浅水湖泊底泥所造成的内源污染有关.动力作用导致底泥悬浮,影响底泥中营养盐的释放,也影响水下光照和初级生产力.控制浅水湖泊富营养化,除了进行外源性营养盐控制之外,还必须进行湖内内源营养盐的治理.治理内源营养盐的有效途径是恢复水生植被,控制底泥动力悬浮与营养盐释放.而要进行水生植被恢复,必须进行湖泊生态系统退化机制及生态修复的实验研究.

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