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湖泊科学  2008 

食物浓度对模糊秀体溞生长和繁殖的影响

DOI: 10.18307/2008.0313

Keywords: 模糊秀体溞,食物浓度,生长,繁殖,热带

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Abstract:

模糊秀体溞是热带水体中枝角类的主要优势种,它在竞争及对热带水体的适应方面的优势尚不清楚.本文以模糊秀体溞为研究对象,观察不同食物浓度下其生长和繁殖的特点,探讨模糊秀体溞成热带水体优势种的原因.以蛋白核小球藻为食物,浓度梯度设为0.05mg/L、0.1mg/L、0.3mg/L、0.6mg/L和1.0mg/L.小球藻浓度为0.05mg/L的培养液中,模糊秀体溞存活率很低且未观察到繁殖现象.其它4个浓度小球藻喂养的模糊秀体溞体长生长率和最大体长均随食物浓度的升高而增加,最大体长分别达到1.087mm、1.125mm、1.225mm、1.313mm;食物浓度对模糊秀体溞的胚胎发育时间,平均寿命,个体累计产幼数无显著影响;随着食物浓度的升高,模糊秀体溞初次怀卵体长显著增加,繁殖前期的历时相应缩短,平均每胎产幼数增加;内禀增长率随食物浓度升高而增大,达到0.6mg/L后比较稳定.浓度为0.6mg/L时,模糊秀体溞的净生殖率也达到最大值.1.0mg/L组的世代时间最短,内禀增长率接近最大值.0.6mg/L和1.0mg/L为模糊秀体溞生长比较适宜的食物浓度.热带自然水体中,模糊秀体溞相对其它浮游动物个体小和怀卵率低的现象并非食物不足所致;食物充足条件下的最大成体的个体大小与野外样品接近,也说明自然水体中捕食并没有显著影响成体的个体大小.模糊秀体溞体型较小、身体透明、行动敏捷,容易逃避鱼类的捕食,可能是模糊秀体溞能在食物丰富的热带水体中,特别是透明度较低的富营养化湖泊中能够成为枝角类中优势种的主要原因.

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