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制宪权的理论难题

, PP. 118-131

Keywords: 制宪权,主权,权威,革命,决断

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Abstract:

西耶斯提出制宪权理论是为了打破"宪法创制的反而创制宪法"的恶性循环,但是西耶斯的理论解决不了制宪权自身的正当性问题。施密特用决断论来避免恶性循环的发生,但却陷入了暴力革命的泥潭。阿伦特对施密特的决断论和革命论都进行了批评,她尖锐地指出,决断不是与过去的完全断裂,革命也不是凭空创造。她主张借鉴古罗马将权力与权威相区分的做法,实现"人民享有权力,制宪者具有权威",从而为打破恶性循环提供了重要的契机。制宪权是权威,而非权力,只有如此才能避免利用制宪权来打破宪法的稳定,从而维护宪法的至上地位。

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