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同位素  2008 

植物碳同位素组成的环境影响因素及在水分利用效率中的应用

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Abstract:

碳同位素值（δ13C）综合反映了植物光合作用过程中气孔的传导和CO2的固定，可以作为植物在环境中生理机能变化的指标，应用于研究植物生理与生态环境之间的关系。本文主要讨论植物碳同位素组成在不同环境中的变化，并对影响程度和机理进行了探讨。降水、温度、光照、土壤盐度、大气CO2浓度等不同程度影响植物的气孔传导和CO2的固定，植物的δ13C值相应产生不同的变化。降水因素对δ13C值影响最明显，温度对δ13C值产生的影响较复杂。一般情况下，大气中CO2都是通过影响植物叶片的内外压力，造成植物碳同位素值的差异。由于δ13C值不仅可以反映植物在光合作用过程中水分的利用，而且，δ13C值与水分利用效率具有正相关性，因此，碳同位素技术应用于植物生态研究中。

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[91]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗蒋高明,黄银晓,万国江,等.树木年轮δ（13C）值及其对我国北方大气CO2浓度变化的指示意义[J].植物生态学报,1997,21(2):155160.〖ZK)〗
[92]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗FARQUHARGD,SHARKEYTD.StomatalConductanceandPhotosynthesis[J].AnnualReviewofPlantPhysiologyAnnuRevPlantPhysiol,1982,33:317345.〖ZK)〗
[93]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗FENGX,EPSTEINS.CarbonIsotopesofTreesFromAridEnvironmentsandImplicationsforReconstructingAtmosphericCO2Concentration[J].GeochimCosmochimActa,1995,59:25992608.〖ZK)〗
[94]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗BEERLINGDJ.EcophysiologicalResponsesofWoodyPlantstoPastCO2Concentrations[J].TreePhysiology,1996,16:389396.〖ZK)〗
[95]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗SWANBOROUGHPW,BYRONB.δ（13C）andWateruseEfficiencyinAustralianGrasstreesandSouthAfricanConifersOvertheLastCentury[J].Oecologia,2003,136:205212.〖ZK)〗
[96]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗蒋高明,黄银晓,万国江,等.树木年轮δ（13C）值及其对我国北方大气CO2浓度变化的指示意义[J].植物生态学报,1997,21(2):155160.〖ZK)〗
[97]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗AMTHORJS.TerrestrialHigherplantResponsetoIncreasingAtmospheric[CO2]inRelationtotheGlobalCarbonCycle[J].GlobalChangeBiology,1995,1:243274.〖ZK)〗
[98]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗NANCRYSTALArens,JAHRENAH,RONALDAmundson.CanC3PlantsFaithfullyRecordtheCarbonIsotopicCompositionofAtmosphericCarbonDioxide?[J].Paleobiology,2000,26(1):137164.〖ZK)〗
[99]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗SEEMANNJR,CRITCHLEYC.EffectsofSaltStressontheGrowth,IonContent,StomatalBehaviourandPhotosyntheticCapacityofaSaltSensitiveSpecies,PhaseolusVulgarisL[J].Planta,1985,164:151162.〖ZK)〗
[100]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗GUYRD,REIDDM,KROUSEHR.FactorsAffecting13C/12CRationsofInlandHalophytes:IControlledStudiesonGrowthandIsotopeCompositionofPuccinelliaNuttalliana[J].CanJBot,1986,64:26932699.〖ZK)〗
[101]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗ENRICOBrugnoli,MarcoLauteri.EffectsofSalinityonStomatalConductance,PhotosyntheticCapacity,andCarbonIsotopeDiscriminationofSaltTolerant(GossypiumhirsutumL.)andSaltSensitive(PhaseolusvulgarisL.)C3NonHalophytes[J].PlantPhysiol,1991,95:628635.〖ZK)〗
[102]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗FLANAGANLB,JEFFERIESRL.StomatalLimitationofPhotosynthesisandReducedGrowthoftheHalophyte,PlantagoMaritimaL,atHighSalinityPlant[J].CellEnviron,1988,11(4):239245.〖ZK)〗
[103]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗BALLMC,FARQUHARGD.PhotosyntheticandStomatalResponseofTwoMangroveSpecies,AegicerasCorniculatumandAvicenniaMarinatoLongTermSalinityandHumidityConditions[J].PlantPhysiol,1984,74:16.〖ZK)〗
[104]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗FARQUHARGD,SHARKEYTD.StomatalConductanceandPhotosynthesis[J].AnnualReviewofPlantPhysiologyAnnuRevPlantPhysiol,1982,33:317345.〖ZK)〗
[105]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗CONDONAG,RICHARDSRA,REBETZKEGJ,etal.ImprovingIntrinsicWaterUseEfficiencyandCropYield[J].CropSci,2002,42:122131.〖ZK)〗
[106]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗BEERLINGDJ.EcophysiologicalResponsesofWoodyPlantstoPastCO2Concentrations[J].TreePhysiology,1996,16:389396.〖ZK)〗
[107]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗CONDONAG,RRA,RGJ,etal.BreedingforHighWateruseEfficiency[J].JournalofExperimentalBotany,2004,407(55):24472460.〖ZK)〗
[108]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗AMTHORJS.TerrestrialHigherplantResponsetoIncreasingAtmospheric[CO2]inRelationtotheGlobalCarbonCycle[J].GlobalChangeBiology,1995,1:243274.〖ZK)〗
[109]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗MALSEJ,FARQUHARGD.EffectsofSoilStrengthontheRelationofWateruseEfficiencyandGrowthtoCarbonIsotopeDiscriminationinWheatSeedlings[J].PlantPhysiol,1988,86:3238.〖ZK)〗
[110]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗NANCRYSTALArens,JAHRENAH,RONALDAmundson.CanC3PlantsFaithfullyRecordtheCarbonIsotopicCompositionofAtmosphericCarbonDioxide?[J].Paleobiology,2000,26(1):137164.〖ZK)〗
[111]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗HUBICKKT,FARQUHARGD,SHORTERR.CorrelationBetweenWateruseEfficiencyandCarbonIsotopeDiscriminationinDiversePeanut(Arachis)Germplasm[J].AustJPlantPhysiol,1986,13:803816.〖ZK)〗
[112]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗SEEMANNJR,CRITCHLEYC.EffectsofSaltStressontheGrowth,IonContent,StomatalBehaviourandPhotosyntheticCapacityofaSaltSensitiveSpecies,PhaseolusVulgarisL[J].Planta,1985,164:151162.〖ZK)〗
[113]  〖KG*2〗〖ZK(〗WRIGHTGC,NAGESWARARAORC,FARQUHARGD.WateruseEfficiencyandCarbonIsotopeDiscriminationInpeanutUnderWaterDeficitConditions[J].CropSci,1994,34:9297.〖ZK)〗

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