社区人群对脑卒中危险因素及预警信号的现状调查

目的　了解社区人群对脑卒中危险因素及症状的知晓现状。方法　随机抽样调查1208名居民及112名医务人员的人口学特征、对危险因素及预警信号的知晓现状及其影响因素、信息来源及需求情况。结果　90.1%、100.0%的居民及医务人员可辨识高血压是卒中的危险因素，而社区居民及医务人员对年龄、糖尿病、吸烟等危险因素的认识比例分别为65.0%和85.0%，且对危险因素的控制策略缺乏了解。87.4%、100.0%社区居民及医务人员将一侧肢体的活动障碍作为卒中的第一大预警信号，其次为头晕、步态不稳、头痛、言语困难、视物模糊。卒中知识得分的单因素及多因素分析示大学文化、已婚且在职的居民及高学历的医务人员对卒中信息的了解程度高。卒中信息的获取途径依次为电视、社区医生/讲堂、报纸、杂志、网络。结论　西部城市社区人群卒中知识知晓率低，开展针对低学历医务者的卒中培训及低学历、独居及退休人员的居民讲堂是改善现状的必要途径。同时也为政府建立有效的院前早期识别及快速转诊技术提供了依据。Objective　Toassessthebaselineknowledgeofriskfactorsandwarningsignsofcerebralapoplexyincommunities.Methods　Atotalof1208inhabitantsand112medicalpersonnelwereselectedbysystematicsampling.Thequestionnaireincludedsocial-demographicdata,knowledgeofcerebralapoplexyriskandwarningsignsandinfluencingfactors,thesourcesandrequirementofinformationaboutcerebralapoplexy.Results　Hypertensionwasariskfactorin90.1%ofresidentsand100.0%ofmedicalpersonnel.Age,diabetesandsmokingwereidentifiedastheriskfactorin65.0%ofmedicalpersonneland85.0%ofresidents.Medicaltherapyofriskfactorswasinsufficient.Themostcommonwarningsignsofcerebralapoplexywashemiplegia,thefollowingwerevertigo,ataxia,headache,aphasiaanddoublevision.Stepwisemultipleregressionanalysesshowedthatresidentswhohadhighereducationalbackground,spousal,workersandcommunityworkerwithhighereducationalbackgroundhadhigherknowledgescoresofcerebralapoplexy.Themainsourcesofinformationaboutcerebralapoplexyweretelevision,doctors,newspaper,magazineandnetwork.Conclusions　Atpresent,theurbancommunityresidentsinwestChinaarelackinginknowledgeaboutcerebralapoplexy.Goingforward,targetededucationalresidentsandmedicalworkersshouldbedirectedatthosewhowashighlyeducated,livingalone,andretired.Itisalsoprovideatheoreticalbasisforestablishingaprehospitalidentificationandtransfertreatmentsystembasedoncommunityindevelopingcountries.