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华西医学  2015 

四川省儿童血友病临床资料及生活质量分析

DOI: 10.7507/1002-0179.20150474, PP. 1662-1665

Keywords: 血友病,儿童,诊断,治疗,疾病家庭负担

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Abstract:

目的?收集和分析儿童血友病的临床资料以及生活质量情况,了解目前四川省儿童血友病的现状,并作相关因素分析。方法?收集2008年1月1日-2015年5月30日注册登记的儿童血友病患者资料,并进行统计分析。结果?共收集到92例患者资料,均来自四川省内,年龄3.6~18.0岁,中位年龄9.6岁;血友病A87例(94.6%),血友病B5例(5.4%);轻型4例(4.3%),中间型67例(72.8%),重型21例(22.9%);18例(19.6%)有家族史。首次出血时月龄0~48个月,中位月龄11个月;首次出血为轻度出血23例(25.0%),中度出血31例(33.7%),重度出血38例(41.3%);首次出血部位多为皮肤黏膜,其次为关节肌肉。首次关节出血时月龄2~107个月,中位月龄18个月;46例(59.0%)在病程进展中有靶关节形成。4例(4.3%)患儿曾发生过颅内出血,其中3例临床治愈,1例有后遗症。获得诊断时月龄为0~120个月,中位月龄12个月;近期诊断62例(67.4%),中期诊断9例(9.8%),远期诊断21例(22.8%)。40例(43.5%)一直足剂量因子替代治疗,其余患儿未得到足量和充分的治疗。56例(60.9%)患儿接受过预防治疗,首次开始预防治疗的月龄为1~199个月,中位月龄36个月,27例(48.2%)患儿在治疗过程中终止预防治疗。共收集到29份疾病家庭负担量表,评分为4~43分,平均(22.7±11.6)分,其中11例(37.9%)日常活动无法自理。23例患儿评估了参与社会活动能力,其中2例处于失学状态,6例在校园不参与活动。相关性分析显示获得诊断时机与有无家族史及患儿所处地区无关(P=0.795、0.495),而与首次出血程度呈正相关(r=0.392,P=0.035)。疾病家庭负担与患儿靶关节数呈正相关(r=0.370,P=0.048),与所处地区及疾病程度、出血频率、医疗保险报销比例、日常活动能力均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论?四川省儿童血友病诊断治疗仍相对滞后,关节病变发生率高,患儿生活质量差,疾病家庭负担重。

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