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华西医学  2011 

艾滋病合并机会性感染的临床特征和诊疗分析

, PP. 1496-1500

Keywords: 艾滋病,机会性感染,高效抗逆转录病毒治疗,疗效

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Abstract:

【】 目的 探讨艾滋病患者合并机会性感染的临床特征并评价其治疗效果。 方法 回顾分析2003年-2009年53例确诊为艾滋病患者的临床资料,对患者合并机会性感染的临床特征,包括发生机会性感染的时间、发生机会性感染时CD4+T细胞计数、起病急缓、严重程度等,进行观察和分析,并给予国家推荐的标准治疗方案进行治疗,通过临床症状、病毒载量、CD4+T细胞计数、影像学监测进行疗效分析,随访时间为初治至出院后6年。 结果 53例艾滋病患者均为重症感染,41例为混合感染,其中2个以上部位感染者为36例(67.9%),2种以上病原体感染者为28例(52.8%),3种以上病原体感染者13例(24.5%)。最常见的机会性感染为结核35.8%(19/53);其次为卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎30.2%(16/53);败血症20.8%(11/53),此外,尚有隐球菌感染15.1%(8/53)、弓形虫感染3.8%(2/53)、带状疱疹病毒感染7.5%(4/53)、念珠菌感染17.0%(9/53)、巨细胞病毒感染7.5%(4/53)、合并乙肝11.3%(6/53)、丙肝3.8%(2/53)。机会性感染治疗有效率为77.4%(41/53),病死率为22.6%(12/53),其中隐球菌脑膜炎或混合感染者病死率最高。 结论 艾滋病患者在CD4+T细胞计数<350/mm3时各种机会感染明显升高,且随着CD4+T细胞计数的下降呈增高趋势,艾滋病合并机会性感染最常见的是结核,其次卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎;合并结核的治疗效果较好,合并隐球菌脑病的病死率最高。早期启动高效抗逆转录病毒治疗效果好。【Abstract】 Objective Toinvestigatetheclinicalcharacteristicsofacquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome(AIDS)combinedwithopportunisticinfectionsanditstreatment. Methods Weretrospectivelyanalyzedtheclinicaldataof53patientsdiagnosedtohaveAIDSinourhospitalbetween2003and2009.Theclinicalfeatures(suchastimeoftheonsetofopportunisticinfections,CD4+Tcellsvalueattheonset,severityoftheinfection,etc.)oftheopportunisticinfections(suchastuberculosis,Pneumocystiscariniipneumonia,toxoplasmosis,etc.)werealsoobservedandanalyzed.Thepatientsweretreatedaccordingtothenationalstandards.Theclinicaloutcomewasanalyzedbasedonsuchindicatorsasclinicalsymptoms,viralload,CD4+Tcellsvalueattheonset,andtheresultsofvariousimaging.Follow-upwasdoneforsixyears. Results All53patientshadsevereAIDSinfection.Forty-oneofthemhadcombinedinfections,amongwhom36(67.9%)hadinfectionsintwoormorepartsofthebody,28(52.8%)wereinfectedbytwoormorepathogens,and13(24.5%)wereinfectedbythreeormorepathogens.Themostcommonopportunisticinfectionwastuberculosis(35.8%,19/53)followedbypneumocystiscariniipneumonia(30.2%,16/53)andsepticemia(20.8%,11/53).Otherinfectionsincludedcryptococcalinfection(15.1%,8/53),toxoplasmagondiiinfection(3.8%,2/53),herpeszostervirusinfection(7.5%,4/53),candidiasis(17.0%,9/53),cytomegalovirusinfection(7.5%,4/53),combinedhepatitisB(11.3%,6/53),andhepatitisC(3.8%,2/53).Effectivetreatmentrateforopportunisticinfectionswas77.4%(41/53)withamortalityof22.6%(12/53).Thehighestfatalityrateoccurredtothosepatientswithcryptococcalmeningitisormixedinfections. Conclusions TheoccurrenceofopportunisticinfectionsrisesobviouslywhenCD4+Tcellsislowerthan350/mm3,anditincreasesmoresignificantlyasthevalueofCD4+Tcellsgoesdown.Themostcommonopportunisticinfectionistuberculosisfollowedbypneumocystiscariniipneumonia.Theclinicaloutcomeforthecombinedcasesoftuberculosisisgood,whilecombinedcryptococcalencephalopathyhasthehighestmortalityrate.Highactiveanti-retroviralther

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