德昌县艾滋病流行特征分析

【】　目的　掌握德昌县艾滋病流行趋势，为制订防控措施提供准确依据。　方法　利用描述流行病学方法分析德昌县1995年以来艾滋病疫情资料。　结果　自1995年德昌县报告首例艾滋病感染者至2011年8月共报告艾滋病感染者/患者262例，年均报告发病率18.95/10万，2008年-2010年报告发病率呈快速增长趋势；男性年均发病率26.57/10万，女性11.05/10万，差异有统计学意义（χ2=43.94，P=0.002），男女性别比为2.49？1；年龄分布以20~45岁和55~75岁高发为特征，两个年龄段合计占病例报告总数93.49%；农民、不详2项职业的艾滋病病例数占全部病例的82.4%，职业高峰明显；异性传播及注射毒品是德昌县艾滋病的主要传播途径，分别占病例总数的64.89%、32.82%。异性传播中有29例为夫妻间家庭式感染病例，另外还有3例为母婴传播病例。　结论　德昌县艾滋病疫情快速增长，形势严峻，须加强艾滋病防治知识宣传，提高全民预防艾滋病的意识；各部门互相合作，对娱乐场所进行监管；加强对流动人口的管理；进一步完善咨询检测网络，提高艾滋病的发现率，以有效控制艾滋病的蔓延。【Abstract】　Objective　Tounderstandtheepidemiologicaltrendofacquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome(AIDS)inDechangCountysoastoprovideascientificbaseforpreventionandcontrolofAIDS.　Methods　DescriptiveepidemiologicalanalysiswasconductedontheAIDSepidemicdatainDechangcounty.　Results　From1995whenthefirstcaseofHIVinfectionwasconfirmedtoAugust2011,atotalof262casesofHIV/AIDSwerereportedwithatotalinfectionrateof18.95/100000.From2008to2010,thereportedinfectionsshowedrapidgrowth.Theannualinfectionrateofmalewas26.57/100000andfemale11.05/100000withasignificantdifference(χ2＝43.94,P＝0.002).Theratioofmaletofemaleinfectionswas2.49∶1.MostoftheAIDScaseswereyoungadultsagedbetween20and45yearsandoldpeopleagedbetween55and75yearsoldwhooccupied93.49%ofthetotalinfectiouscases.ThenumberofreportedAIDScasesoffarmerandunknownoccupationsaccountedfor82.4%andtherewasanobviousoccupationspeak.Mostpatientsinthecountywereinfectedbyheterosexualsexualcontactandinjectingdrugs,whichaccountedfor64.89%and32.82%ofthetotalrespectively.TheAIDScasesof29infectedcouplesand3mother-to-childtransmission.　Conclusions　AIDSepidemicgrowthisrapidinDechangcountywiththesituationbeingquitegrim.WeshouldenhancetheAIDSpreventionpropagandainthepublicity,toraisenationalawarenessofAIDSprevention.Therelateddepartmentsshouldcooperatetoregulatetheillegalentertainmentandstrengthenthemanagementofmigrantworkers.ThecounselingandtestingnetworkshouldbeimprovedsoastoraisethedetectionrateandcontrolthespreadofAIDS.