新护士心理健康状况与应付方式分析

【】　目的　了解新护士的心理健康状况及应付方式。　方法　采用心理卫生自评量表（SCL-90）和应付方式量表对2008年1月-2009年12月新上岗的64名护士进行测查。　结果　新护士强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子分、总均分及阳性项目数与全国常模比较偏高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；SCL-90阳性者与阴性者应付方式比较，阳性者自责、幻想、退避、合理化因子均分均高于阴性者，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）；新护士应付方式各因子均分、退避、幻想、自责因子均高于吴超等人的研究（P<0.05）。　结论　新护士心理健康状况低于一般人群；较其他年龄段护士更多采用不成熟应付方式；成熟应付方式有益心理健康。护理管理者应重视新护士心理健康，引导新护士多采取成熟应付方式，提高心理健康水平。【Abstract】　Objective　Toevaluatethepsychologicalstatesofnewnursesandtheircopingstyles.　Methods　Sixty-fournursesstartingworkbetweenJanuary2008andOctober2009inourhospitalwereinvestigatedbySymptomChecklist90(SCL-90)andCopingStyleQuestionnaire.　Results　Thescoresofcompulsionandmentaldisorder,averagescore,andthenumberofpositiveitemswerestatisticallyhigherthanthenationalnormofChina(P<0.001).Thescoresofathymia,anxiety,hostility,andphobiafactorswerehigherthanthenationalnorm(P<0.01).Thescoreofparanoidfactorwasalsostatisticallyhigherthanthenationalnorm(P<0.05).BasedontheresultsofSCL-90,wefoundthatthescoresoffactorsofself-accusation,fantasy,back-off(P<0.05)andthefactorofrationalization(P<0.01)inthepositivegroupweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseofthenegativegroup.ComparedwiththeresultoftheresearchmadebyWUChaoandhiscolleges,theaveragescoresofsuchfactorsasback-off(P<0.001),fantasy(P<0.01)andself-accusation(P<0.05)werestatisticallyhigherinthestudygroupthanthoseinthecontrolgroup.　Conclusion　Thepsychologicalstatesofnewnursesareworsethanthegeneralpopulation.Comparedwitholdernurses,newnursesaremoreinclinedtouseimmaturecopingstyles.Maturecopingstylesarefavorabletotheirpsychologicalstates.Thenursingregulatorsshouldpaymoreattentiontothepsychologicalstatesofnewnursesandguidethemtousematurecopingstylestoimprovetheirpsychologicalstates.