Shaha AR, Johnson R, Miller J, et al. Transoral-transpharyngeal approach to the upper cervical vertebrae[J]. Am J Surg, 1993, 166(4): 336-340.
[2]
Menezes AH. Surgical approaches: postoperative care and complications “transoral-transpalatopharyngeal approach to the craniocervical junction”[J]. Childs Nerv Syst, 2008, 24 (10): 1187-1193.
[3]
Matthew J, McGirt, Frank J, et al. Endoscopic transcervical odontoidectomy for pediatric basilar invagination and cranial settling[J]. J Neurosurg, 2008, 1(4): 337-342.
[4]
Leng LZ, Anand VK, Hartl R, et al. Endonasal endoscopic resection of an os odontoideum to decompress the cervicomedullary junction: a minimal access surgical technique[J]. Spine, 2009, 34(4): 139-143.
[5]
Frempong BD, Faunce RG. Endoscopically assisted transoral-transpharyngeal approach to the cranio-vertebral junction[J]. Neurosurgery, 2003, 52(6): 1511-1512.
Husain M, Rastogi M, Ojha BK. Endoscopic transoralsurgery for ctaniovertebral junction anomalies. Techuical note[J]. Neurosurg Spine, 2006, 5(4): 367-373.
[8]
Alfieri A, Jho HD, Tschabitscher M. Endoscopic endonasal approach to the ventral cranio-cervical junction: anatomical study[J]. Acta Neurochir (Wien), 2002, 144(3): 219-225.
[9]
Laufer I, Greenfield JP, Anand VK, et al. Endonasal endoscopic resection of the odontoid process in a nonachondroplastic dwarf with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: feasibility of the approach and utility of the intraoperative Iso-C three-dimensional navigation[J]. Neurosurg Spine, 2008, 8(4): 376-380.
[10]
Magrini S, Pasquini E, Mazzatenta D. Endonasal endoscopic resection of an os odontoideum to decompress the cervicomedullary junction: a minimal access surgical technique[J]. Spine, 2009, 34(4): 139-143.
Aghakhani N, Parker F, David P, et al. Long-term follow-up of chiari-related syringomyelia in adults: analysis of 157 surgically treated cases[J]. Neurosurgery, 2009, 64(2): 308-315.
Lorenzo DN, Fortuna A, Guidetti B. Craniovertebral junction malformation. Cranioradiological findings, long term results and surgical indications in 63 cases[J]. J Neurosurg, 1982, 57(5): 603-608.
[22]
Erbengi A. Congenital malformations of the craniovertebral junction: classification and surgical treatment[J]. Acta Neurochir (Wien), 1994, 127(3-4): 180-185.
[23]
Geol A, Ch M. Treatment of basilar invagination by atlantoaxial joint distraction and direct lateral mass fixation[J]. J Neurosurg (Spine 1), 2004, 1(3): 281-286.
Kanavel AB. Bullet located between the atlas and the base of the skull: technique of removal through the mouth[J]. Surg Clin Chicago, 1917, 1: 361-366.
[29]
Menezes AH. Primary craniovertebral anomalies and the hindbrain herniation syndrome (Chiari I): data base analysis[J]. Pediatr Neurosurg, 1995, 23(5): 260-269.
[30]
Youssef AS, Guiot B, Black K, et al. Modifications of the transoral approach to the craniovertebral junction: anatomic study and clinical correlations[J]. Neurosurgery, 2008, 62(3): 145-154.
[31]
Kratimenos GP, Crockard HA. The far lateral approach for ventrally placed foramen magnum and upper cervical spine tumours[J]. Brit J Neurosurg, 1993, 7(2): 129-140.
[32]
Matsuno A, Nakashima M, Murakami M, et al. Microsurgical excision of a retro-odontoid disc hernia via a far-lateral appreach: successful treatment of a rare cause of myelopathy: case report[J]. Neurosurg, 2004, 54(4): 1015-1018.
[33]
Al-Mefty O, Borba LA, Aoki N, et al. The transcondylar approach to extradural nonneoplastic lesions of the craniovertebral junction[J]. J Neurosurg, 1996, 85(4): 1-6.
