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华西医学  2012 

老年社区获得性肺炎的临床特征分析

, PP. 863-865

Keywords: 老年,社区获得性肺炎,病原学,临床特征,抗生素,预后

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Abstract:

目的 探讨老年社区获得性肺炎的临床特征、病原学特点及抗生素的合理选择。方法 选择2010年1月1日-12月31日呼吸内科和干部病房住院治疗并确诊为社区获得性肺炎,年龄≥60岁的126例患者,从病原学、临床表现、辅助检查结果及治疗转归方面入手,回顾性分析老年社区获得性肺炎的临床特征。结果 77.7%(98/126)的老年社区获得性肺炎患者合并有其他基础疾病,其中84.7%(83/98)合并慢性阻塞性肺病,81.6%(80/98)合并高血压,39.2%(40/98)合并冠心病,25.5%(25/98)合并有糖尿病。126例患者中,68.3%(86/126)有气促等呼吸道症状,75.6%(95/126)有食欲减退等消化道症状,61.1%(77/126)有反应迟钝等精神状态的改变;72.2%(91/126)的患者肺部体征明显,而27.8%(35/126)的患者无明显肺部体征;88.9%(112/126)的老年患者胸部CT提示有斑点状、小片状阴影。有89例患者进行了痰培养,其中58例出现阳性结果,46例对头孢菌素敏感、36例对喹诺酮类药物敏感、39例对氨基糖甙类敏感及青霉素敏感。给予抗感染、支持对症治疗后,56.3%(71/126)的患者治愈、33.3%(42/126)的患者病情好转、10.3%(13/126)的患者死亡,死亡原因均为呼吸衰竭。结论 老年社区获得性肺炎患者临床特征复杂,应重视其社区获得性肺炎的早期诊断,并进行及时有效的治疗。

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