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降雨对华北石质山地侧柏林土壤温湿度及水分运移的影响

Keywords: 季节性降雨 土壤温度 土壤湿度 氢稳定同位素 土壤水分运移

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Abstract:

以华北石质山地侧柏林为研究对象, 运用氢稳定同位素(δD)技术, 结合大气、土壤的温湿度, 探讨雨季和旱季降雨对不同深度土壤温湿度动态及水分运移的影响。结果表明:土壤温度在雨季随降雨产生先减小后增大, 随土壤深度增加而降低, 而旱季初期则随降雨持续减小, 且随土壤深度的增加而升高。雨季和旱季, 土壤湿度随降雨先增大后减小, 且均随土壤深度的增加而下降。雨季前期土壤湿度较低时, 中雨可使表、中层土壤湿度增加较多, 且该层土壤水δD贫化, 即降雨优先补给表、中层土壤;而前期降雨充足时, 中雨使下层土壤湿度增加较多, 而所有土壤水δD均贫化, 即降雨可较快入渗到深层土壤。大雨使所有土层湿度增加且差异较小、δD贫化, 即降雨可迅速入渗全部土层。旱季初期, 中雨使表层湿度增加较多, 即使前期土壤湿度较低时, 雨后全部土壤水δD均贫化, 即中雨也可较快入渗到深层土壤, 进一步补给地下水。表层枯落物水δD值受降雨δD值直接影响, 随降雨产生先贫化后富集;而浅层、深层地下水δD值皆较稳定, 几乎不受短期降水影响, 可为干旱季节植被生长提供重要水源

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