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林芝云杉天然群体针叶与种实的变异及其地理趋势

, PP. 428-436

Keywords: 林芝云杉,天然群体,表型性状,地理变异

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Abstract:

在西藏地区11个有代表性的林芝云杉天然群体内分别随机抽取15~30个个体为试材, 测量了针叶与种实共9个表型性状,采用统计分析方法研究了在群体内和群体间的变异和分化趋势。结果显示:林芝云杉9个表型性状在群体内和群体间的差异显著。群体间表型分化系数均值为29.55%,与云杉属其他树种相比处于中等水平;群体内的方差分量占70.45%,说明群体内的变异是林芝云杉变异的主要来源。计算群体内的变异系数发现:针叶、球果、种鳞的3个性状变异系数在种级水平上的均值分别为20.39%、15.65%、10.79%,针叶的变异程度最大;11个天然群体的9个表型性状变异系数均值为:11.80%~19.80%,在郎县的金东沟群体中最大,表明内部遗传多样性最丰富。9个表型性状与地理和气候因子进行相关分析,结果显示:在空间分布上,球果直径和针叶长度呈现由西向东逐渐变大和变长的地理变异趋势;在气候方面,球果直径、针叶长度和针叶形状随年均气温的升高逐渐变粗、变长和变得细长的趋势。最后对9个性状均值进行聚类分析的结果表明:西藏11个林芝云杉天然群体可以划分为4类。

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