CHATTERJEE S, ESWARAM R. Continual improved performance MgO–C refractory for BOF[C]//11th Unified International Technical Conference Refractories, Salvador, Brazil, 2009: 136–140. [2] ZHANG S, MARRIOTT N J, LEE W E. Thermochemistry and microstructures of MgO–C refractories containing various antioxidants [J]. J Eur Ceram, 2001, 2: 1037–1047. [3] 王志强, 朱伯铨, 方斌祥. 纳米TiC粉体对低碳MgO–C质砖抗氧化性及热导率的影响[J]. 耐火材料, 2008, 40(6): 409–412. WANG Zhiqiang, ZHU Boquan, FANG Binxiang. Refranctories (in Chinese), 2008, 40(6): 409–412. [4] VANDCHALI B M, SARPOOLAKY H, FARD F, et al. Atmosphere and carbon effects on microstructure and phase analysis of in situ spinel formation in MgO–C refractories matrix [J]. Int Ceram, 2009, 35: 861–868. [5] JANSSON S, BRABIE V, JONSSON P. Corrosion mechanism of commercial MgO–C refractors in contact with different gas atmospheres [J]. ISIJ Int, 2008, 48(6): 760–767. [6] 于景坤, 刘承军. 影响镁碳耐火材料表面MgO致密层形成的因素[J]. 耐火材料, 2002, 36(4): 190–193. YU Jingkun, LIU Chengjun. Refranctories (in Chinese), 2002, 36(4): 190–193. [7] FRUEHAN R J, MARTONIK L J. The rate of reduction of MgO by carbon [J]. Met Trans B, 1976, 7B: 537–542. [8] ANEZIRIS C G, HAMPEL M. Microstructured and electro-assisted high temperature wettability of MgO in contact with a silicate slag based on fayalite [J]. Int J Appl Ceram Technol, 2008, 5(5): 469–479. [9] KHOROSHAVIN L B, SHCHERBATSKII B. An electronic technology for refractories based an the periodic law [J]. Refract Ind Ceram, 2005, 5: 344–350. [10] KIM S M, LU W K. Kinetics and mechanism of the formation of dense MgO layer in pitch bearing magnesite brick during service [J]. Met Trans B, 1978, 9B: 353–364. [11] 李享成, 王堂玺, 朱伯铨, 等. 电磁场对MgO–C质耐火材料抗熔渣侵蚀性的影响[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2011, 39(3): 71–76. LI Xiangcheng, WANG Tangxi, ZHU Boquan, et al. J Chin Ceram Soc (in Chinese), 2011, 39(3): 71–76. [12] 于景坤, 刘承军. 镁碳耐火材料表面MgO致密层的形成机理[J]. 耐火材料, 2006, 36(3): 125–127. YU Jingkun, LIU Chengjun. Refranctories (in Chinese), 2006, 36(3): 125–127. [13] VINCENZINI P. Effect of dense layer formation on dissolution rate of MgO–C refractory in molten slag [J]. Adv Sci Tech, 2006, 45: 162–166. [14] 河野将明, 松井刚, 南园広志. MgO–C耐火物の微构造とMgO致密层の形成机构[J]. 耐火物, 2004, 56(3): 146. [15] LIOUBASHEVSKI O, KATZ E, WILNER I. Magnetic field effects on electrochemical processes: a theoretical hydrodynamic model [J]. J Phys Chem B, 2004, 108(18): 5778–5784. [16] COEY J M D, HINDS G. Magnetic electrodeposition [J]. J Alloys Compd, 2001, 326(1/2): 238–245. [17] SHI Qingzhi, LIU Yongchang, GAO Zhiming. Formation of MgO whiskers on the surface of bulk MgB2 superconductors during in situ sintering [J]. J Mater Sci, 2008, 43(4): 1438–1443.