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金属硅的储锂性能

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Abstract:

金属硅是硅矿石经过还原反应后含有金属元素(铁、铝、钙等)的不纯的硅粉，金属硅粉中硅的含量为60%～99.9%，价格远远低于纯硅粉。用廉价的金属硅作为锂离子电池的负极材料，研究了其电化学储锂性能。结果表明对于不同的导电剂添加量，金属硅首次放电和充电比容量均高于纯硅；金属硅首次不可逆容量占70%，纯硅为85%，其循环性能比纯硅提高一倍以上；充放电电流密度越小，金属硅的容量衰减越慢；随着循环次数的增多，不同充放电电流所对应的容量逐渐趋近相同；金属硅和纯硅的储锂机理相近，在充放电循环过程中金属硅不断形成不可逆的Li13Si4、Li12Si7，这些不可逆相的存在消耗了材料中的Si，从而导致容量衰减。随着充放电的进行，晶态Si逐渐非晶化。

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