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基于分时电价的纯电动公交的充电优化

, PP. 81-87

Keywords: 汽车工程,分时电价,纯电动公交,充放电状态,充电优化

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Abstract:

合理规划电动公交线路备用电池数目,优化调度电池充电,能够降低公交线路投资与运营成本。在满足纯电动公交线路运输要求的约束下,基于分时电价机制,考虑了电池放电深度对电池寿命损耗的影响,在描述纯电动公交车辆数目、电池数目与电池每个时段充放电状态之间的关系基础上,提出了以充电费用和电池投资综合成本最低为目标的优化模型。该模型能够求解出最优电池数目,在满足运输需求的前提下,通过调度电池每一时段的充电状态将充电费用降到最低,并减小电池寿命损耗。仿真算例为5辆电动公交车的调度优化,利用CPLEX软件包对提出的整数规划模型进行求解。计算结果表明10块电池为最优电池数目,充电费用与无序充电相比下降了11.7%,且电池寿命延长9.2%;所提出的换电模式下的充电模型可以有效地降低充电费用,延长电池寿命,并且能够得到合理的备用电池数目,降低投资成本。

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