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环境化学  2015 

南四湖表层沉积物重金属的赋存形态及底部界面扩散通量的估算

Keywords: 重金属,沉积物-水界面,扩散通量,南四湖

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Abstract:

采用"SOFIE"模拟装置,研究了南四湖污染程度不同的两个湖区(南阳湖及独山湖区)表层沉积物中重金属元素的形态组成,间隙水及界面上覆水中重金属浓度的变化特征.结果表明,南阳湖区沉积物间隙水及界面上覆水中Cr,Cu,Ni,Zn和Pb的浓度均高于独山湖区,这与沉积物中重金属元素的有效结合态含量变化一致,主要与人为污染有关.南阳湖及独山湖区沉积物-水界面±0.5cm范围内重金属元素具有较高的浓度梯度,间隙水中Fe与Mn浓度明显高于界面上覆水;Cu,Ni,Zn,Pb的浓度均低于界面上覆水;独山湖区沉积物间隙水中Cr浓度与界面上覆水相似,而南阳湖区沉积物间隙水中Cr浓度略高于界面上覆水.采用Fick第一定律,计算得到南阳湖及独山湖区沉积物-水界面附近Cu,Ni,Zn,Pb的扩散通量,分别为-0.23,-1.47,-2.57,-0.04mmol·m-2·d-1和-0.34,-0.67,-0.48,-0.01mmol·m-2·d-1,沉积物表现为重金属元素的"汇";而Cr的扩散通量分别为0.03mmol·m-2·d-1和-0.02mmol·m-2·d-1,说明污染较重的南阳湖区沉积物中Cr已表现出向上覆水体扩散的特征.

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