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环境化学  2015 

上海市河流表层沉积物中的氯酚、溴酚及多环芳烃

Keywords: 氯酚,溴酚,多环芳烃,沉积物,上海

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Abstract:

应用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)分析了上海市黄浦江、苏州河及蕰藻浜表层底泥样品中19种氯酚(CPs)、2种溴酚(BPs)和美国环保局(EPA)优先控制的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量.结果表明,黄浦江底泥中19种CPs的总平均浓度最高(18.3ng·g-1干重(dw)),苏州河次之(14.8ng·g-1dw),蕰藻浜最低(4.44ng·g-1dw),而两种BPs的含量相当.4-氯酚(4-CP)和五氯酚(PCP)是占主导的污染物,表明底泥中CPs可能受人类生活生产活动的影响较大;而BPs的来源有待进一步深入的研究.CPs的毒性当量贡献值随着氯原子取代数的增加而增加.底泥中16种PAHs的总浓度范围是132-6800ng·g-1dw(平均值为3050ng·g-1dw).PAHs组成特征及源解析表明,底泥中PAHs主要来自燃烧源.生态风险分析显示,上海市水体底泥中的PAHs均未超过生态风险评价中值(ERM),表明不存在严重和频发的PAHs生态毒理风险.

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