全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
环境化学  2015 

铅暴露对人体健康风险评价的模型综述

Keywords: ,模型,风险评价,儿童在铅中的综合曝露吸收生物动力学模型(IEUBK),成人血铅模型(ALM)

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

铅是一种在暴露环境下,可以通过手口途径或者皮肤接触而进入人体,从而对人体许多组织器官都产生毒性作用的重金属,其对儿童的危害尤为突出.我国对暴露在铅环境下人体健康的风险评价研究起步较晚,基于血铅指标的铅污染土壤风险评估方法导则仍在探讨建立中.而国外已经存在一些较为成熟的用于成人及儿童的铅暴露吸收和生物动力学模型,其中被广泛接受和使用的是成人血铅模型(ALM)以及儿童在铅中的综合暴露吸收生物动力学模型(IEUBK).前者描述了关于非居住区土壤中铅暴露物对成人风险的评估,且重点针对污染土壤的铅暴露物所导致的孕妇体内胎儿的血铅浓度进行评估;后者则重点预测6-84个月的儿童在铅的综合暴露下的健康风险.本文旨在通过对这些模型进行对比总结,从而提出可用于我国铅污染风险评估的理论依据及指导方法.

References

[1]  张一鹏.城市儿童铅污染的现状、原因及防治措施[J].职大学报,2004(4):8-9
[2]  宋欣,张红忠,郝广荣,等.珠海市0-6岁儿童血铅水平的流行病学调查[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2002,10(4):200-202
[3]  Sharma S S,Schat H,Voous R.Invitro alleviation of heavy metalInduced enzyme inhibition by praline [J]. Phytochemistry,1998,49(6): 1531 -1535
[4]  Schiewers,Voleskyb.Modeling multietal ion exchange in biosorption [J].Environ Sci Technol,1996,30(10):2921
[5]  王夔.生命科学中的微量元素[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1992:266-572
[6]  Wagner R H.Environment and Man[M]. New York: W W Norton & Company, 1971: 251-255
[7]  U.S. EPA. Guidance manual for the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C. EPA/540/R-9 3/081, 1994, PB93-963510.
[8]  U.S. EPA. Recommendations of the technical review workgroup for lead for an interim approach to assessing risks associated with adult exposures to lead in soil[R]. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technical Review Workgroup for Lead, 1996
[9]  Carlisle J C, Wade M J. Predicting blood lead concentrations from environmental concentrations [J]. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 1992, 16: 280-289
[10]  Stern A H. Derivation of a target concentration of Pb in soil based on elevation of adult blood pressure [J]. Risk Analysis, 1994, 16: 201-210
[11]  Leggett R W. An age-specific kinetic model of lead metabolism in humans [J]. Environmental Health and Perspect, 1993, 101: 598-616
[12]  O'Flaherty E J. Physiologically based models for bone-seeking elements. Ⅳ. Kinetics of lead disposition in humans [J]. Toxicol Appllication Pharmacol, 1993, 118: 16-29
[13]  O'Flaherty E J. Physiologically based models for bone-seeking elements. V. Lead absorption and disposition in childhood[J]. Toxicol Appllication Pharmacol, 1995, 131: 297-308
[14]  张红振, 骆永明, 章海波,等.基于人体血铅指标的区域土壤环境铅基准值[J].环境科学,2009,30(10): 3036-3042
[15]  沈晓明.我国儿童铅中毒的现状[J].临床儿科杂志,1996,14(3):200-201
[16]  何清,叶风云,焦宏,等.北京市儿童血铅水平及相关因素的调查研究[J].中华儿科杂志,1998,36(3):139-140
[17]  Martinez C E, Motto L H.Solubility of load,zinc and copper added to mineral soils [J].Environmental Pollution,2000, 107:153-158
[18]  洪春来, 王卫平, 孙慧锋,等. 土壤铅污染及其生物有效性评价研究进展[J]. 资源与环境科学, 2010, 12, 245-247
[19]  黄忠臣,王崇臣,王鹏,等. 北京地区部分公路两侧土壤中铅和镉的污染现状与评价[J]. 环境化学,27(2):267-368
[20]  刘海霞. 食品中铅污染的途径及预防[J]. 食品与健康, 2009, 08:09
[21]  沈晓明, 郭迪, 昊圣榍. 96'关于国内儿童血铅中毒现状的报[R], 1996.
[22]  U.S. EPA. Technical Support Document: Parameters and equations used in the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children (v.0.99d)[R]. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C. EPA/540/R-94/040, 1994, PB94-963505
[23]  Carlisle J C, Wade M J. Predicting blood lead concentrations from environmental concentrations [J]. Regulation Toxicol Pharmacy acol, 1992, 16: 280-289
[24]  Rabinowitz M B, Wetherill G W, Koppel J D. Kinetic analysis of lead metabolism in health humans[J]. Journal Clinic Investment, 1976, 58: 260-270
[25]  Bert J L, Van Dusen L J, Grace J R. A generalized model for the prediction of lead body burdens [J]. Environmental Resource, 1989, 48: 117-127
[26]  U.S. EPA. Review of adult lead models evaluation of models for assessing human health risk associated with lead exposures at non residential areas of superfund and other hazardous waste sites[R]. 2001, OSWE#9285.7-46
[27]  Bowers T S, Beck B D, Karam H S. Assessing the relationship between environmental lead concentrations and adult blood lead levels [J]. Risk Analysis, 1994, 14(2): 183-189

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133