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环境化学  2015 

计算机模拟研究钚(Ⅳ)的人体毒性

Keywords: Pu4+,体液,形态,热力学平衡

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Abstract:

引入Ca2+、Fe3+、Zn2+、Mn2+等金属离子和氨基酸、柠檬酸、乳酸等小分子配体建立了Pu4+在人体血浆、胃液、组织液、细胞液等主要体液中的金属离子-小分子配体热力学平衡模型.利用该模型研究了正常生理条件下Pu(Ⅳ)在各体液中的存在形态以及pH值和[Pu]改变对Pu(Ⅳ)形态的影响.结果表明,血浆中的低浓度Pu(Ⅳ)易以Pu(OH)4(aq)的形态蓄积在肝脏中,钚浓度升高则形成沉淀难以排出;胃液中的Pu(Ⅳ)可大量进入血液中,但胃液pH值升高可实现钚的促排;组织液中钚会沉积在骨骼无机表面;高浓度Pu(Ⅳ)对大多数细胞有极高毒性;随着尿液的pH值增大,沉积的Pu(OH)4(s)会对肾脏造成损伤;胰液中的Pu(Ⅳ)的形态随着pH值改变而发生显著变化,而胆汁中高钚含量的Pu(Ⅳ)易滞留在肝脏内;在正常汗液pH值波动范围内,Pu(Ⅳ)易进入人体,从而对钚操作人员的健康产生危害.

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