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环境化学  2015 

pH、离子强度及电解质种类对纳米氧化锌聚集和溶解的影响

Keywords: 纳米氧化锌,离子强度,pH,聚集,溶解

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Abstract:

本文初步探讨了不同pH、离子强度及电解质种类对纳米氧化锌(ZnONPs)稳定性(聚集沉降和溶解)的影响.沉降实验表明,pH越靠近零电荷点(~pH9.2),ZnONPs聚集体尺寸越大,沉降速度越快,稳定性越低;中性pH条件下,随着离子强度的增加,ZnONPsζ电位绝对值减小,聚集体尺寸相应变大,沉降速度加快,稳定性降低.中性pH时ZnONPsζ电位为正值,阴离子较阳离子更易使ZnONPs聚集沉降,且SO42-的影响远大于Cl-.溶解实验显示,pH2-11,Zn2+都会释放到溶液中,pH>7.5,ZnONPs溶解量<5%;pH<6,超过60%的Zn2+释放到溶液中.中性条件下,离子强度越高,ZnONPs越易溶解,且Ca2+对纳米氧化锌溶解的促进作用强于Na+.这表明离子对纳米氧化锌溶解的促进可能源于阳离子与颗粒表面的离子交换机制.

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