全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
环境化学  2015 

多溴联苯醚在不同粒径大气颗粒物上的分布及总有机碳的影响

Keywords: 多溴联苯醚,大气颗粒物,粒径,总有机碳

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

利用GC-MS技术研究了大气不同粒径颗粒物上多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的含量和分布,通过总有机碳(TOC)和PBDE单体含量的相关性探讨了它们在大气中的转移机制.研究结果表明,总颗粒物上Σ15PBDEs含量为3745.5pg·m-3,BDE47,99,209是三种主要单体.在<0.49μm粒径上Σ15PBDEs含量最高(36.4%),<1.5μm的颗粒物上Σ15PBDEs占61.9%.四溴和五溴的BDE47、66、100和99单体在不同粒径上的含量分布相似,约40%—50%分布在<0.49μm粒径的颗粒物上,约19%—23%分布在0.49—0.95μm粒径的颗粒物上;九溴的BDE208、207的分布和BDE47、99等明显不同,呈马鞍型分布;而十溴的BDE209主要分布在较粗颗粒上.结果表明大气中低溴PBDE对人体健康有重要影响,同时具有强的长距离迁移能力.BDE28、47、100和99与TOC间有良好的线性关系,可能表明这些低溴PBDE在大气中转移的主要机制是从气相分配进入颗粒相;而高溴的BDE207、208和209与TOC间相关性较差,可能表明高溴PBDE进入大气中的主要机制是依附在较大颗粒上直接进入大气.

References

[1]  Mandalakis M, Besis A, Stephanou E G,Particle-Size Distribution and Gas/Particle Partitioning of Atmospheric Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Urban Areas of Greece. Environ.Pollu.,2009, 157: 1227—1233
[2]  Mai B X, Chen S J, Luo X J et al.,Distribution of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Sediments of the Pearl River Delta and Adjacent South China Sea. Environ. Sci. Technol.,2005, 39:3521—3527
[3]  Bi X H, Sheng G Y, Peng P A et al.,Size Distribution of n-alkanes and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) in Urban and Rural Atmospheres of Guangzhou, China. Atmos. Environ.,2005, 39:477—487
[4]  Panther B C, Hooper M A, Tapper N J, A Comparison of Air Particulate Matter and Associated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Some Tropical and Temperate Urban Environments. Atmos. Environ., 1999, 33:4087—4099
[5]  Wal J T, Janssen L H J M, Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variations of PM10 Concentrations in the Netherlands Using Kalman Filtering. Atmos. Environ., 2000, 34: 3675—3687
[6]  Houthuijs D, Breugelmans O, Hoek G et al., PM10 and PM2.5 Concentrations in Central and Eastern Europe: Results from the Cesar Study. Atmos. Environ., 2001, 35: 2757—2771
[7]  Rsli M, Theis G, Künzli N et al., Temporal and Spatial Variation of the Chemical Composition of PM10 at Urban and Rural Sites in the Basel Area, Switzerland. Atmos. Environ.,2001, 35: 3701—3713
[8]  Duan J C, Bi X H, Tan J H et al.,The Differences of the Size Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) between Urban and Rural Sites of Guangzhou, China. Atmos. Res.,2005, 78:190—203
[9]  Penttinen P, Timonen K L, Tiittanen P et al.,Number Concentration and Size of Particles in Urban Air: Effects on Spirometric Lung Function in Adult Asthmatic Subjects. Environ.Health Perspect., 2001, 109: 319—323
[10]  Darnerud P O, Toxic Effects of Brominated Flame Retardants in Man and in Wildlife. Environ. Int., 2003, 29: 841—853
[11]  Hinds W C, Aerosol Technology. 2nd ed. New York:John Wiley & Sons, 1999
[12]  Ohta S, Nakao T, Nishimura H et al.,Contamination Levels of PBDEs, TBBPA, PCDDs/DFs, PBDDs/DFs, and PXDDs/Fs in the Environment of Japan. Organohalogen Compd.,2002, 57 (Dioxin 2002): 57—60
[13]  Chen L G, Mai B X, Xu Z C et al.,In-and Outdoor Sources of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Their Human Inhalation Exposure in Guangzhou, China. Atmos. Environ., 2008, 42: 78—86
[14]  ter Schure A F H, Larsson P, Agrell C et al.,Atmospheric Transport of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Polychlorinated Biphenyls to the Baltic Sea. Environ. Sci. Technol.,2004, 38: 1282—1287
[15]  Odum J R, Homffmann T, Bowman F et al.,Gas/particle Partitioning and Secondary Organic Aerosol Yields. Environ. Sci. Technol.,1996, 30: 2580—2585
[16]  Odum J R, Jungkamp T W P, Griffin R J et al.,The Atmospheric Aerosol Formation Potential of Whole Gasoline Vapor. Science, 1997, 274: 96—99
[17]  Jang M, Kamens R M,A Thermodynamic Approach for Modeling Partitioning of Semivolatile Organic Compounds on Atmospheric Particulate Matter: Humidity Effects. Environ. Sci. Technol.,1998, 32: 1237—1243
[18]  Goel A,Mcconnell L L,Torrents A et al.,Spray Irrigation of Treated Municipal Wastewater as a Potential Source of Atmospheric PBDEs.Environ. Sci. Technol.,2006, 40: 2142—2148
[19]  Ahn M Y, Filley T R, Jafvert C T et al.,Birnessite Mediated Debromination of Decabromodiphenyl Ether. Chemosphere, 2006, 64: 1801—1807[LM]
[20]  Hites R A, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Environment and in People: a Meta-analysis of Concentrations. Environ. Sci.Technol., 2004, 38:945—956
[21]  Chen L G, Mai B X, Bi X H et al.,Concentration Levels, Compositional Profiles and Gas-Particle Partitioning of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Atmosphere of an Urban City in South China. Environ. Sci.Technol., 2006, 40:1190—1196
[22]  Chan L Y, Kwok W S, Vertical Dispersion of Suspended Particulates in Urban Area of Hongkong. Atmos. Environ., 2000, 34: 4403—4412
[23]  Chan Y C, Vowles P D, McTainsh G H et al., Characterisation and Source Identification of PM10 Aerosol Samples Collected with a High Volume Cascade Impactor in Brisbane (Australia). Sci. Total. Environ., 2000, 262:5—19
[24]  Pagano P, Zaiacomo T, Scarcella E et al., Mutagenic Activity of Total and Particle-Sized Fractions of Urban Particulate Matter. Environ. Sci. Technol.,1996, 30:3512—3516
[25]  Betts K S, PBDEs Poised to Overtake PCBs in Popular Fish.Environ. Sci. Technol.,2003, 37:240A—241A
[26]  Jang M, Kamens R M, Leach K B et al.,A Thermodynamic Approach Using Group Contribution Methods to Model the Partitioning of Semivolatile Organic Compounds on Atmospheric Particulate Matter. Environ. Sci. Technol.,1997, 31: 2805—2811
[27]  Pankow J F,An Absorption Model of Gas/Particle Partitioning of Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere. Atmos. Environ.,1994, 28: 185—188
[28]  Simcik M F, Franz T P, Zhang H et al.,Gas-Particle Partitioning of PCBs and PAHs in the Chicago Urban and Adjacent Coastal Atmosphere: States of Equilibrium. Environ. Sci. Technol.,1998,32:251—257
[29]  Webster T F, Harrad S, Millette J R et al.,Identifying Transfer Mechanisms and Sources of Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE209) in Indoor Environments Using Environmental Forensic Microscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol.,2009,43(9):2998
[30]  Bezares-Cruz J, Jafvert C T, Hua I,Solar Photodecomposition of Decabromodiphenyl Ether:Products and Quantum Yield. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2004,38: 4149—4156
[31]  Eriksson J, Green N, Marsh G et al.,Photochemical Decomposition of 15 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Congeners in Methanol/Water. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2004, 38: 3119—3125
[32]  Sderstrm G, Sellstrm U, de Wit C A et al.,Photolytic Debromination of Decabromodiphenyl Ether(BDE209). Environ. Sci. Technol.,2004, 38:127—132

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133