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化工进展  2015 

正渗透过程中汲取质反向渗透研究进展

DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2015.10.004, PP. 3540-3550

Keywords: 正渗透,压力阻尼渗透,汲取质,汲取液,反向渗透,浓差极化

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Abstract:

正渗透(FO)作为一种浓度驱动的膜技术,因其膜污染轻、能耗低和回收率高等优点而逐渐成为膜技术领域的研究热点之一。汲取质的反向渗透是正渗透过程中不可忽视的现象,但其研究相对比较滞后。本文主要介绍了汲取质反渗模型的研究进展,分析了渗透压差、膜表面流速、膜结构与膜材料、温度、汲取质种类、膜取向、离子水力半径等因素对汲取质反向渗透的影响情况,并发现汲取质的反向渗透通量可由其浓度或汲取液渗透压的一元多项式表达。总体而言,FO模式的汲取质反渗模型经过不断发展已相对比较完善,而压力阻尼渗透(PRO)模式的反渗模型则缺陷较大,有待进一步研究;此外,关于汲取质反渗过程影响因素及其影响机制的研究对于汲取质、膜材料的选择与开发,以及正渗透过程的优化均具有重要的指导作用,因此会引起越来越多的关注。

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