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化工进展  2015 

1-甲基-2,4,5-三碘基咪唑的合成新工艺

DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2015.02.033, PP. 514-518

Keywords: 炸药,N-甲基咪唑,1-甲基-2,4,5-三硝基咪唑,中间体,1-甲基-2,4,5-三碘基咪唑,碘化

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Abstract:

为了改进1-甲基-2,4,5-三碘基咪唑(MTII)的合成路线,提高总得率,探索了其新的合成工艺。新工艺以N-甲基咪唑为原料,在CH3COOH/I2/HIO3体系中碘化,然后在丙酮/水中精制,得到MTII。对目标产物进行了红外光谱、质谱、核磁等分析,并推断了反应机理,同时讨论了加料顺序、物料比、反应时间及反应温度对目标物得率的影响。通过单因素实验得到正确的加料顺序和最佳的反应条件分别为将碘溶解于冰乙酸中,碘酸溶解于稀硫酸中,使两种溶液均匀混合,随后再加入N-甲基咪唑和四氯化碳且n(碘酸)/n(N-甲基咪唑)=1.8,n(碘)/n(N-甲基咪唑)=1.7,反应温度为75℃,反应时间为2.5h。,最高得率为70%。相对于传统合成工艺而言,新工艺在合成路线、反应时间、总得率等方面具有显著优点,有更好的实际应用价值。

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