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财经研究  2015 

贸易开放、劳动力流动与城镇劳动者性别工资差距——来自1992-2009年中国省际面板数据的经验证据

Keywords: 贸易开放,性别工资差距,劳动力流动,低技能劳动者

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Abstract:

贸易开放给劳动力市场带来的经济后果是非常复杂的,而收入不平等就是其中一个重要方面。现有关于贸易开放影响收入不平等的文献大多着眼于总体收入不平等程度或技能工资差距,而对性别工资差距的关注则不多。文章利用1992-2009年国家统计局的城镇住户调查数据,系统地考察了贸易开放对不同部门、不同技能水平的城镇劳动者性别工资差距的影响。研究发现:(1)贸易开放对制造业的性别工资差距具有显著的正向影响;(2)分技能水平的分析结果显示,贸易开放对制造业中高技能劳动者的性别工资差距无显著影响,主要是拉大了低技能劳动者的性别工资差距;(3)贸易开放是通过影响劳动力流动和就业结构来影响性别工资差距的。因此,从保护女性的角度来说,政府应该通过提高女性的技能水平等政策措施来促进两性平等。

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