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财经研究  2016 

中国劳动力市场就业机会的户籍歧视及其变化趋势

Keywords: 就业机会,户籍歧视,农民工

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Abstract:

文章首先厘清了劳动力市场分割理论与歧视经济学的区别和联系,并将中国劳动力市场上就业机会的户籍不平等现象界定为以农民工平等就业权利受侵害为本质的经济歧视。其次,使用中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)2002年和2007年数据,运用多元logit模型考察了中国劳动力市场上就业机会的户籍歧视状况和变化趋势。实证分析结果显示:(1)与城镇职工相比,农民工在职业获得、行业进入和所有制部门进入三个维度上都遭受了明显的户籍歧视;(2)与2002年相比,2007年就业机会的户籍歧视呈现恶化趋势,显示了经济发展过程中就业机会分配的"负滴漏效应";(3)农民工人力资本的就业机会回报显著低于城镇职工,这对农民工的人力资本投资决策可能会产生负向激励并导致"前市场歧视"的发生。最后,在理论和实证分析的基础上,文章提出了缓解就业机会户籍歧视的相关政策建议。

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