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航空学报  2013 

复杂曲面零件五轴加工刀轴整体优化方法

DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2013.0242, PP. 1452-1462

Keywords: 复杂曲面,临界约束,刀轴矢量优化,五轴加工,机床

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Abstract:

针对复杂曲面零件五轴加工中刀轴矢量变化剧烈、严重影响工件表面加工质量的问题,提出一种基于临界约束的五轴刀轴矢量整体优化方法。首先,构造了给定切触点处所有可行摆刀平面,并在摆刀平面内根据临界约束计算出临界刀轴矢量,在获得临界刀轴矢量的基础上,对其进行平面映射,建立了刀轴摆动的初始可行域;其次,通过对初始可行域进行均匀离散,根据离散点之间相对位置关系构造邻接矩阵,并结合最短路径搜索算法获得了初始参考刀轴,从而构造了新的刀轴摆动可行域;最后,建立当前切削行内无干涉且相邻刀轴变化最小的刀轴矢量优化模型,实现自由曲面五轴加工无干涉刀轴矢量的光滑控制。两种自由曲面叶轮的加工算例分析表明,采用本文方法获得的刀轴矢量可以明显改善机床的运动性能,避免了刀具干涉的产生,可提高复杂曲面零件的加工质量与效率。

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