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化学进展  2012 

环境中高氯酸盐的自然来源、形成机制及其归趋行为

, PP. 2040-2053

Keywords: 高氯酸盐,自然来源,环境背景值,形成机制,归趋行为,同位素示踪技术

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Abstract:

高氯酸盐(ClO4-)作为新型的环境有毒污染物,其环境污染问题已引起国内外学者的极大关注,但有关ClO4-的自然来源及形成机制的研究则刚刚起步。ClO4-的自然来源、在不同环境介质中的背景浓度及迁移转化行为,对制定ClO4-的环境质量标准和系列安全浓度限值至关重要,但国内相关研究几乎为空白。本文总结了ClO4-在对流层和平流层气溶胶、大气湿沉降(雨和雪)、地下水、海水、土壤及矿物等环境介质中的背景浓度水平,不同环境介质中涉及样品数为气溶胶3个、雨水1600多个、降雪样品3个、地下水2100多个、海水2个、土壤(矿物)10多个、火星土壤样品1个;重点评述了自然源ClO4-的前体物质及大气反应形成机制(臭氧氧化、光化学反应和闪电作用),提出ClO2-/ClO2是大气中ClO4-自然形成的关键前体物质;归纳了自然源ClO4-在各环境介质间的迁移转化及归趋行为,最后简单介绍了识别ClO4-自然来源的同位素示踪技术,并展望相关研究。

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