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化学进展 2015

二氧化硅的仿生矿化

DOI: 10.7536/PC140951, PP. 229-241

王生杰,蔡庆伟,杜明轩,曹美文,徐海

Keywords: 二氧化硅,仿生矿化,矿化机理,模板作用,结构调控

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Abstract:

自然界的进化赋予某些生物体在生理条件下制备复杂结构生物矿物的能力。它们复杂而多尺度有序的结构、特殊的功能以及物种特异的遗传控制特征远非当前的人工合成技术所能实现,因此,师法自然,仿生矿化成为先进材料制备的重要手段之一。研究发现,生物体中的有机基质在生物矿物的形成过程中起着至关重要的作用,例如从含有生物二氧化硅的硅藻、海绵骨针中分离得到的silaffins、长链聚胺,从海绵中提取的silicateins等,这些生物分子通过操纵有机-无机界面作用,从分子水平上控制无机矿物的成核与生长,从而使生物矿物具有特殊的分级结构和组装方式。人们设计或选用具有相似结构或功能的有机分子,模拟生物矿化过程,仿生制备了不同形态、结构和功能的二氧化硅纳米材料。本文以有机-无机界面作用为核心,以认识自然、学习自然、矿物合成及构型调控为主线,从生物二氧化硅的形成机制、仿生矿化的研究进展、应用概况进行了评述,指出了当前研究存在的问题及相应的解决思路,并对仿生矿化的前景进行了展望。

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