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化学进展 2015

锂离子电池有机正极材料

DOI: 10.7536/PC150106, PP. 1291-1301

陈军,丁能文,李之峰,张骞,钟盛文

Keywords: 有机化合物,锂离子电池,正极材料,电化学性能,比容量,导电性能

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Abstract:

随着储能电源和电动汽车的迅猛发展,开发高能量密度的锂离子电池成为研究的重点之一。锂离子电池性能的提高很大程度上取决于正极材料的特性。目前,广泛使用的无机正极材料普遍存在容量提升有限、生产过程消耗能源大、存在安全隐患和成本高等缺陷。因此,需要开发比容量更高、安全性更好和在自然界中储量更为丰富的绿色能源材料。与无机正极材料相比,有机物正极材料具有理论比容量高、原料丰富、环境友好、结构可设计性强和体系安全的优点,是一类具有广泛应用前景的储能物质。本文综述了目前国内外已经开展的研究工作,介绍了作为锂离子正极材料的几类主要的有机化合物,包括导电高分子聚合物、含硫化合物、氮氧自由基化合物和含氧共轭化合物等;对比分析了这些化合物的电化学性能、电化学反应机理及其具备的优势和存在的不足;指出了有机化合物作为锂离子正极材料需要解决的问题及今后研究和改进方向。

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