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化学进展 2015

硅基锂离子电池负极材料

DOI: 10.7536/PC150155, PP. 1275-1290

牛津,张苏,牛越,宋怀河,陈晓红,周继升

Keywords: 锂离子电池,负极材料,硅基材料

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Abstract:

硅是目前已知比容量(4200mAh·g-1)最高的锂离子电池负极材料,但由于其巨大的体积效应(>300%),硅电极材料在充放电过程中会粉化而从集流体上剥落,使得活性物质与活性物质、活性物质与集流体之间失去电接触,同时不断形成新的固相电解质层(SEI),最终导致电化学性能的恶化。本文介绍了硅作为锂离子电池负极材料的储能及容量衰减机理,总结了通过硅材料的选择和结构设计来解决充放电过程中巨大体积效应的相关工作,并讨论了一些具有代表性的硅基复合材料的制备方法、电化学性能和相应机理,重点介绍了硅炭复合材料。另外,介绍了一些电极的处理方法和其提高硅基负极材料电化学性能的可能机理。最后,对硅基负极材料存在的问题进行了分析,并展望了其研究前景。

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