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化学进展 2012

蛋白质功能化新策略:嵌入非天然氨基酸

, PP. 577-588

张春秋,罗全,刘俊秋,沈家骢

Keywords: 天然氨基酸,非天然氨基酸,蛋白质

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Abstract:

天然蛋白质由20种天然氨基酸组成,这些蛋白质的构筑基元包含功能基团羧基、氨基、巯基、硫醚、羟基、碱性胺、烷基和芳基。然而,这些有限的功能基团却不足以完成生物体内所有的生物学功能。为了更好地让生命的体现者--蛋白质完成更加精确和多样的生物学功能,自然界会对蛋白质进行翻译后的修饰,包括磷酸化,甲基化,乙酰化或者羟基化,甚至在某些情况下,进化出一种新型的翻译机制以便插入硒代半胱氨酸或者吡咯霉素。受此启发,生物化学家发展出各种生物或化学方法来改变或插入新的蛋白质构筑基元,使天然蛋白质完成其相应的生物学功能或者使其具有某些特殊的性质,甚至是创造一种新酶。该文将简单介绍这些蛋白质修饰策略以及该领域的最新进展。

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