OALib Journal期刊
锂离子电池SiOx(0x≤2)基负极材料
DOI: 10.7536/PC141010
Keywords: SiOx ,无定形态 ,复合物 ,负极材料 ,锂离子电池
Abstract:
随着锂离子电池向电动汽车、可再生能源储能系统等大型应用领域发展,锂离子电池的能量密度、功率密度等性能指标需要进一步提高。在负极材料方面,传统的石墨碳负极材料的比容量有限,已经难以满足高能量密度电池的需求。以Si基材料为代表的新型高比容量负极材料受到了人们的广泛关注。其中,SiOx材料在发挥高比容量的同时,具有相比纯Si更小的体积变化,因而在循环寿命方面更具实用潜力。本文对目前报道的SiOx基负极材料的研究工作进行总结,系统阐述了SiOx材料的基本电化学性能、结构模型、电化学机理及合成方法,分类介绍了改进SiOx材料电化学性能的各类措施,并对其中SiO及无定形SiO2材料进行了重点论述。研究表明,氧含量、歧化程度、表面状态等对SiOx材料的电化学性能具有重要影响;界面团簇混合(ICM)结构模型可更好地对其电化学机理进行理解;通过与第二相(碳、金属、金属氧化物等)复合,造孔,表面改性(包覆、刻蚀等)及其他手段(改变粘结剂及电解液)可有效提升SiOx基材料的首次库仑效率和循环性能;部分使用SiOx基材料的全电池具有循环600次后容量保持率达90%的优秀循环性能。SiOx基材料已成为一种在高比能量锂离子电池中极具应用潜力的负极材料。
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