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化学进展  2015 

多孔石墨烯材料

DOI: 10.7536/PC150508, PP. 1566-1577

Keywords: 石墨烯,纳米孔,合成方法,新能源材料,电子材料,分子筛,水处理,生物材料

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Abstract:

多孔石墨烯是指在二维基面上具有纳米级孔隙的碳材料,是近年来石墨烯缺陷功能化的研究热点。多孔石墨烯不仅保留了石墨烯优良的性质,而且相比惰性的石墨烯表面,孔的存在促进了物质运输效率的提高,特别是原子级别的孔可以起到筛分不同尺寸的离子、分子的作用。更重要的是,孔的引入还有效地打开了石墨烯的能带隙,促进了石墨烯在电子器件领域的应用。本文阐述了多孔石墨烯的一些基本性质和特性,并对其理论研究、制备方法和应用的研究进展进行了评述。其中,多孔石墨烯的制备方法主要包括光刻法、催化刻蚀法、化学气相沉积法、湿法刻蚀、碳热还原法、溶剂热法和自由基攻击法。多孔石墨烯优异的特性使其在能源储存与转换材料(锂离子电池、超级电容器、燃料电池等)、DNA分子检测、化学传感器、场效应晶体管、分子筛和海水淡化等领域具有非常广阔的应用前景。

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