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分层土壤时特征参数对地闪通道附近地面垂直电场的影响

DOI: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.2015.05.035, PP. 1671-1679

Keywords: 回击,分层土壤,地面垂直电场,时域有限差分,初始峰值,火箭引雷

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Abstract:

为研究回击通道附近垂直电场的特性及其受特征参数影响的规律,采用改进的线性衰减传输线(MTLL)回击模型、以双指数函数和Heidler函数拟合基电流,采用时域有限差分(FDTD)法进行数值计算。通过与火箭引雷实测数据对比,证明了该计算方法的正确性。计算了双层电导率土壤时距回击通道不同距离的地面垂直电场(Ez),分析了回击通道高度(H)、回击速度(v)、大地电导率(σ)、大地相对介电常数(ε)以及地面等值厚度(Hd)5个特征参数对Ez的影响。结果表明Ez首先到达一个“初始峰值”,然后出现“斜坡”、“平台”或“下降”波形。H对Ez“初始峰值”后的波形影响明显,H增大Ez从“斜坡”变为“平台”;v对Ez“初始峰值”及之前的波形影响明显,v增大上升时间减小且“初始峰值”降低;Ez受σ和ε的影响均很小且对ε尤为不敏感;在距通道50m和100m处Hd对Ez“初始峰值”略有影响,到200m处其影响可忽略。当H>3km、v大于0.6倍光速且Hd>80m后3个参数对Ez影响均逐渐变小。

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