近现代中国“舆论”语义内涵的演变
The Evolution of Linguistics Connotation of "Public Opinion" in Modern China

摘要 本文简要地从语言学角度回顾了“舆论”一词在中国的产生与演变，从翻译角度来说，日常使用中存在的公共舆论、公众意见、民意等词均与英文“public opinion”对应，作为外来词的“舆论”是“public opinion”一词的中译，但与中国古代的“舆论”一词不存在必然的对应，本文分析了“public”和“opinion”所对应的中译词“公众”和“意见”的来源。本文认为古代的“清议”思想代表了中国舆论思想的传统内涵，“舆论”一词西风东渐的跨文化传播的实践历史代表了中国士绅阶层参与政治决策与议论国事的言论传统与文化惯例，经过跨语际实践的复杂运作后在公众文化心理发酵酝酿上有其内在一致性，本文还讨论了由“舆论”一词衍生出的舆论导向等词的社会文化内涵。
This paper discusses the revolution of the linguistics connotation of the term "public opinion" in modern China. From the perspective of translation, the existence of the daily use of gonggongyulun, gongzhongyijian, minyi and words like that are corresponding to the public opinion. As a loanword, "yulun" is a word in the translation of public opinion , while the Chinese ancient "yulun" does not necessarily correspond to it. This paper analyzes the origin of “gongzhong”and “yulun” which are the corresponding meaning of the “public” and “opinion”. This paper holds that the ancient thought of "Qingyi" represented the traditional connotation of the thought of Chinese public opinion. The history of practice of the word “public opinion in intercultural communication ” represents speech tradition and cultural practice，of which Chinese gentry class participate in political decision-making and state affairs consulting. This paper also discusses the social and cultural connotations of words like direction of public opinion which is erived from " public opinion"