泛在时代的“传播的偏向”及其文明特征
The "Bias of Communication" in Ubiquitous Era and Its Civilization Characteristics

摘要 哈罗德·伊尼斯在其传播学经典著作《传播的偏向》中提出传播和传播媒介都具有偏向性，“或倚重时间或倚重空间”，“一种新媒介的长处，将导致一种新文明的产生”。互联网传播在时间和空间上较之以前所有媒介发生深刻变革，尤其是进入泛在传播时代，其传播模式是沉浸传播，在时间上无时不在，在空间上无处不在，时间与空间二者较之旧媒介更为均衡。那么泛在时代的传播是否还存在“传播的偏向”？如果没有偏向，那“传播的偏向”这一理论工具是否过时？如果有“偏向”，那么互联网文明的偏向是什么？本研究对“传播的偏向”这一研究工具进行批判性和发展性探讨，提出了泛在时代沉浸传播的偏向是“人”，并据此推演出泛在文明的基本特征。
In his communication classic "The Bias of Communication", Harold Innis propounded that all media and communication have bias, either rely on time or rely on space , and the advantages of each new media wouldgeneratea new civilization.Comparing with all previous media and communication methods, the media and communication in the Internet era had gone through revolutionary changes, both in time and in space, especially in the ubiquitous era. The communication paradigm of the ubiquitous era is immersive communication, which achieves the ever-present, ubiquitous, omnipotent communication.Comparing with the old media, immersive communication’s two dimensions of time and space are much more balanced. Now comes a new question:Does the communication in ubiquitous era still have the "bias of communication"? If the answer is “no”, is"the bias of communication" outdatedas a theoretical tool?If the answer is“yes”, what is the bias of the Internet civilization? This study criticizes the limitationof the"bias of communication" as a research tool, tries to propose that human being himself is the bias of immersive communication, and then deduces the basic characteristics of ubiquitous civilization