学术论文开放取阅的理论基础：从知识公有地的观点谈起
The Open Access Movement of Scholarly Articles: from the Perspective of Knowledge Commons

摘要 西方开放取阅运动开展多年，主张学术知识受公共经费资助，系公共财产而非私有财产，理应无条件开放取阅。倘若这种说法成立，那么根据何种理论，致使其言之成理？探讨开放取阅的研究，虽然为数不少，且中西有之，但论者多集中经验分析，少有理论探究；缺乏理论依据，恐陷入知其然而未知其所以然的困境。更重要的是，理论能带来新视野，帮助我们观察更丰富的经验现象。基于此，本文试图从知识公有地理论着手，探讨开放取阅的议题：知识公有地试图跳脱“公共财产－私有财产”的二元对立，并把知识分享的概念融入到开放取阅的讨论中。在结构上，本文分为三节，首先简述开放取阅的经验发展，其次转进知识公有地的理论讨论，希冀藉此帮助我们发现更多经验现象，结论则是倡议社会分享的重要性。
The open access movement of scholarly journals which argues the articles should be freely accessible online without cost to readers because public-funded journal is “public good” rather than “private good”. However, if this argument is reasonable, what the theoretical perspective does it base on? Although many researchers focus on open access issue, many of them put much more analysis on empirical data. This article will examine the open access issue from the theoretical level, adopting the theory of “knowledge commons” and observing the new phenomenon through this theory. The article is separated into three parts: firstly, it will introduce the open access movement; secondly, from theoretical debate, it will introduce the theory of knowledge commons that can help us discover more interesting phenomena which we ignored before; finally, the significance of social sharing is the critical issue when we talk about the open access